38 Weeks Pregnant: What to Expect When Baby Is Full-Term

What Happens at 38 Weeks Pregnant?

At 38 weeks, your baby is fully developed and ready to be born. The baby weighs about 3 kilograms (6.5-7 pounds), measures approximately 49 centimeters (19.5 inches), and has moved into the head-down position in most cases. Your body is preparing for labor with more frequent Braxton Hicks contractions and the baby "dropping" lower into your pelvis.

Week 38 marks an exciting milestone in your pregnancy journey. Your baby has reached what is medically classified as "early term" according to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). This means your baby's organs, including the lungs and brain, have matured to the point where they can function independently outside the womb. The vast majority of babies born at 38 weeks are healthy and do not require any special medical care.

At this stage, your baby has been gaining weight steadily, adding about 200-300 grams per week. This weight gain is crucial as it includes the development of subcutaneous fat, which serves as an energy reserve during the first days after birth. This fat layer also helps regulate your baby's body temperature once they're born, as newborns cannot yet regulate their own temperature effectively.

The baby's movements may feel different now than they did earlier in pregnancy. Rather than the somersaults and kicks you felt before, you're more likely to experience rolls, stretches, and smaller movements as the baby has less room to move around. However, you should still feel regular movements throughout the day. If you notice a significant decrease in fetal movement, contact your healthcare provider immediately.

Your baby's position is important at this stage. The vast majority of babies (approximately 97%) are in a head-down (cephalic) position by week 38. If your baby is still in a breech position (bottom or feet first), your healthcare provider will discuss options with you, which may include an external cephalic version (ECV) to try to turn the baby, or planning for a cesarean delivery.

Changes in Your Body at 38 Weeks

Your body undergoes significant changes as it prepares for labor and delivery. One of the most notable changes is "lightening" or "dropping," where the baby descends lower into your pelvis. This engagement of the baby's head in the pelvis can provide some relief, as there's now more room for your lungs to expand and your diaphragm to move. Many women find that they can breathe more easily and eat larger meals without feeling uncomfortably full.

However, the trade-off is increased pressure on your bladder, which may have you running to the bathroom more frequently than ever. Some women also experience shooting or sharp pains in the pelvis and groin area as the baby's head presses against nerves and muscles in the pelvic floor. This is normal but can be uncomfortable.

You may notice an increase in Braxton Hicks contractions, also known as "practice contractions." These irregular contractions help prepare your uterus for labor. Unlike true labor contractions, Braxton Hicks are typically painless or mildly uncomfortable, irregular in timing and intensity, and often stop when you change position or activity.

How Is My Baby Developing at 38 Weeks?

Your baby is fully mature at 38 weeks, with all organs functioning properly. The lungs are producing surfactant for breathing, the brain is rapidly developing neural connections, and the baby has shed most of the vernix caseosa (protective coating). Your baby can grip firmly and has developed their sucking reflex for feeding after birth.

At 38 weeks, your baby's development is essentially complete, though the brain and lungs continue to mature right up until birth and beyond. The lungs are now producing adequate amounts of surfactant, a substance that prevents the air sacs in the lungs from collapsing and is essential for breathing after birth. This is one of the key reasons babies born before 34 weeks often need respiratory support.

Your baby's brain is developing at an remarkable rate during these final weeks. Neural connections are forming rapidly, and the brain now has the characteristic grooves and indentations of a fully developed organ. However, brain development continues long after birth, with the brain almost tripling in size during the first year of life.

The vernix caseosa, the waxy white coating that has protected your baby's skin throughout pregnancy, is now largely absorbed. Some babies are born with patches of vernix still on their skin, which is perfectly normal. The lanugo, the fine downy hair that covered your baby's body, has also mostly disappeared, though some may remain on the shoulders and back.

Your baby's digestive system is mature and ready to process breast milk or formula. The intestines contain meconium, a dark, sticky substance made up of everything your baby has swallowed during pregnancy, including amniotic fluid, mucus, and skin cells. This will be your baby's first bowel movement, usually within the first 24-48 hours after birth.

The eyes, which have been closed for most of the pregnancy, can now blink and focus. Your baby can see light and dark and will be able to focus on your face from a distance of about 8-12 inches after birth – roughly the distance between your face and theirs during breastfeeding.

Fat Stores and Energy Reserves

During these final weeks, your baby continues to add fat deposits, gaining approximately 28 grams (about 1 ounce) per day. This subcutaneous fat serves multiple critical functions: it acts as an energy reserve during the transition from receiving continuous nutrition through the umbilical cord to feeding after birth, it helps regulate body temperature, and it gives your baby those adorable chubby cheeks and rounded limbs.

What Are the Signs That Labor Is Approaching?

Signs that labor is approaching include regular contractions that increase in intensity, loss of the mucus plug (bloody show), water breaking, lower back pain that radiates to the abdomen, increased pelvic pressure, and diarrhea. True labor contractions get closer together over time and don't stop with rest or movement.

As you approach your due date, your body will give you several signs that labor is on its way. Understanding these signs can help you distinguish between early labor and the need to head to the hospital immediately. Remember that labor is a process, and early signs can appear hours, days, or even weeks before active labor begins.

One of the most common early signs is the loss of the mucus plug, sometimes called "bloody show." Throughout pregnancy, a thick plug of mucus has sealed the cervix to protect the baby from infection. As the cervix begins to soften and dilate in preparation for labor, this plug may be released. It can appear as a glob of mucus that's clear, pink, or slightly bloody. Some women notice it when they go to the bathroom, while others may not notice it at all.

Braxton Hicks contractions may become more frequent and more noticeable as labor approaches. While these practice contractions don't cause cervical dilation, they help prepare your body for labor. You may also notice that your baby has "dropped" lower into your pelvis, which can cause increased pressure and discomfort in your pelvic area.

Recognizing True Labor Contractions

True labor contractions follow a predictable pattern: they become progressively longer, stronger, and closer together. A useful way to time contractions is to note when each one starts and how long it lasts. True labor contractions typically start in your lower back and wrap around to your abdomen. They may feel like intense menstrual cramps or waves of tightening across your belly.

Unlike Braxton Hicks contractions, true labor contractions don't stop when you change position, walk around, or rest. They continue regardless of what you do and gradually increase in intensity over time. The pain also tends to be more severe than Braxton Hicks, though every woman's experience is different.

Water Breaking

Another sign that labor has begun or is imminent is the rupture of membranes, commonly known as "water breaking." The amniotic sac that has surrounded and protected your baby throughout pregnancy will rupture, releasing amniotic fluid. This can happen as a sudden gush of fluid or as a slow trickle that you might mistake for urine.

If you think your water has broken, note the time, the color and smell of the fluid (it should be clear or slightly yellowish and have a mild or no smell), and whether the fluid continues to leak. Contact your healthcare provider immediately, as once your water breaks, there's an increased risk of infection, and you'll need to be monitored.

When Should I Go to the Hospital?

Go to the hospital when contractions follow the 5-1-1 rule (every 5 minutes, lasting 1 minute, for 1 hour), when your water breaks, if you have vaginal bleeding, if fetal movement decreases significantly, or if you experience severe symptoms like headaches, vision changes, or severe swelling. Always call ahead before going.

Knowing when to go to the hospital is one of the most common concerns for expectant parents, especially first-time parents. The timing depends on several factors, including your medical history, the distance to the hospital, and any specific instructions from your healthcare provider.

The most commonly used guideline is the 5-1-1 rule: go to the hospital when your contractions are coming every 5 minutes, lasting at least 1 minute each, for at least 1 hour. This pattern typically indicates that you're in active labor and it's time to head to the hospital or birthing center.

However, there are situations where you should go to the hospital sooner, regardless of your contraction pattern:

• Your water breaks: Even if contractions haven't started, you should go to the hospital for evaluation
• You have vaginal bleeding: Spotting or bloody show is normal, but bright red bleeding requires immediate evaluation
• You notice decreased fetal movement: If you haven't felt your baby move in several hours or movements seem weaker, seek care
• You have symptoms of preeclampsia: Severe headaches, vision changes, upper abdominal pain, or sudden swelling
• You have a high-risk pregnancy: Your provider may have given you specific instructions about when to come in
• You live far from the hospital: Consider leaving earlier to ensure you arrive in time

Before leaving for the hospital, call ahead to let them know you're coming. The staff can provide guidance and prepare for your arrival. They may also ask you questions to help determine whether it's time to come in or whether you can continue laboring at home.

What to Bring to the Hospital

Your hospital bag should be packed and ready by 38 weeks. Essential items include:

• For you: Comfortable clothes for labor, robe, slippers, nursing bra, toiletries, phone charger, snacks
• For baby: Going-home outfit, car seat (installed and ready in your car), blanket
• Documents: ID, insurance information, birth plan, contact numbers

What Symptoms Are Normal at 38 Weeks?

Normal symptoms at 38 weeks include Braxton Hicks contractions, pelvic pressure and pain, frequent urination, back pain, fatigue, difficulty sleeping, swelling in legs and feet, hemorrhoids, heartburn, and the nesting instinct. Some women also experience diarrhea as a sign that labor is approaching.

The final weeks of pregnancy bring a unique set of symptoms as your body prepares for birth. Understanding what's normal can help you feel more confident and know when something might need medical attention.

Pelvic pressure and pain: As your baby drops lower into your pelvis, you may feel significant pressure in your pelvic area. This can range from a dull ache to sharp, shooting pains when the baby's head presses on nerves. Some women describe it as feeling like the baby might "fall out," though this is not possible with the cervix still closed.

Frequent urination: The baby's position puts pressure on your bladder, leading to frequent trips to the bathroom. You may also experience some urinary urgency or difficulty fully emptying your bladder. Kegel exercises can help strengthen pelvic floor muscles.

Back pain: Lower back pain is extremely common in late pregnancy. The weight of the baby, changes in your center of gravity, and the hormone relaxin (which loosens ligaments) all contribute. Some women find relief with prenatal massage, warm baths, or using a pregnancy support belt.

Difficulty sleeping: Between the physical discomfort, frequent bathroom trips, and anticipation of birth, sleep can be challenging. Try sleeping on your left side with a pillow between your knees, using a pregnancy pillow for support, and establishing a calming bedtime routine.

Swelling: Some swelling (edema) in your legs, feet, and ankles is normal and caused by increased fluid in your body and reduced circulation. However, sudden or severe swelling, especially in your face or hands, can be a sign of preeclampsia and should be evaluated immediately.

Diarrhea: Some women experience loose stools or diarrhea in the days before labor begins. This is thought to be caused by prostaglandins, hormones that help prepare the cervix for labor and also affect the digestive system.

What Happens During Labor and Delivery?

Labor consists of four stages: the latent phase (early labor), the active opening phase (cervix dilates to 10 cm), the delivery phase (pushing and birth), and the afterbirth phase (delivery of placenta). Each stage has distinct characteristics and duration varies widely between women.

Understanding the stages of labor can help you feel more prepared for what's ahead. Labor is a process that unfolds in stages, each with its own characteristics and duration. Keep in mind that every labor is unique, and times can vary significantly from one woman to another.

First Stage: Latent Phase (Early Labor)

The latent phase is the longest but typically least intense part of labor. During this phase, your cervix begins to soften (efface) and open (dilate) from 0 to about 3-4 centimeters. Contractions are usually mild to moderate and may be 5-30 minutes apart, lasting 30-45 seconds each. This phase can last hours or even days, especially for first-time mothers.

During the latent phase, most women are comfortable at home. You can try resting, taking a warm bath, eating light snacks, and staying hydrated. This is a good time to practice relaxation techniques and timing contractions.

First Stage: Active Phase

The active phase begins when contractions become more regular, intense, and closer together. Your cervix dilates from about 4 to 7 centimeters. Contractions typically come every 3-5 minutes, lasting 45-60 seconds. This is usually when you'll want to be at the hospital or birthing center.

First Stage: Transition

Transition is the most intense part of labor but also the shortest. Your cervix completes dilation from 7 to 10 centimeters. Contractions may be 2-3 minutes apart and last 60-90 seconds. Many women experience nausea, shaking, and the urge to push during this phase. It typically lasts 15 minutes to an hour.

Second Stage: Delivery (Pushing)

Once fully dilated, you'll begin pushing with each contraction to help guide your baby through the birth canal. This stage can last from a few minutes to several hours, depending on factors like the baby's position, whether this is your first baby, and whether you have an epidural. The stage ends with the birth of your baby.

Third Stage: Afterbirth

After your baby is born, you'll deliver the placenta, usually within 5-30 minutes. Your healthcare provider may gently pull on the umbilical cord and massage your uterus to help the placenta detach. Mild contractions continue to help the uterus contract back to its pre-pregnancy size.

How Can I Take Care of Myself at 38 Weeks?

At 38 weeks, focus on rest and energy conservation, staying hydrated, eating small frequent meals, gentle exercise like walking, practicing relaxation techniques, completing hospital preparations, and attending all prenatal appointments. Continue taking prenatal vitamins and monitor fetal movement daily.

The final weeks of pregnancy are a time to focus on rest, preparation, and self-care. While you may feel an urge to get everything done before the baby arrives, it's important to balance activity with adequate rest. Your body is working hard to prepare for labor, and you'll need energy for the big day.

Rest when you can: Sleep may be difficult, but try to rest whenever possible. Take naps during the day if you're tired, and don't feel guilty about slowing down. Your body knows what it needs.

Stay active with gentle exercise: Walking is excellent exercise at this stage of pregnancy. It can help the baby move lower into the pelvis, keep you fit for labor, and improve your mood. Swimming and prenatal yoga are also good options. Avoid strenuous exercise or activities that could cause injury.

Eat well and stay hydrated: Eating small, frequent meals can help with heartburn and provide steady energy. Focus on nutritious foods like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and protein. Drink plenty of water to stay hydrated and help prevent constipation.

Practice relaxation techniques: Breathing exercises, meditation, and visualization can help you prepare mentally for labor. These techniques can also help manage anxiety about the upcoming birth. Consider taking a childbirth preparation class if you haven't already.

Continue prenatal care: You'll likely have weekly appointments with your healthcare provider at this stage. These visits are important for monitoring your health and your baby's well-being. Don't skip appointments, even if you're feeling well.

How Can Partners Help at 38 Weeks?

Partners can help by learning labor signs and the birth plan, packing and organizing the hospital bag, taking on household tasks, providing emotional support, practicing relaxation techniques together, accompanying to prenatal appointments, ensuring the car seat is installed, and planning the route to the hospital.

The partner's role becomes increasingly important as the due date approaches. Here are ways partners can provide meaningful support:

Be involved in preparations: Help pack the hospital bag, install the car seat, and set up the baby's space. Knowing where everything is and how things work will reduce stress when labor begins.

Learn the signs of labor: Understand what to look for and when it's time to go to the hospital. Being knowledgeable about the labor process helps you remain calm and supportive.

Take over household tasks: In the final weeks, the pregnant partner may have limited energy. Taking on cooking, cleaning, and errands can provide tremendous relief.

Practice together: Go through breathing techniques and relaxation exercises together. This practice will be valuable during labor when you can guide your partner through contractions.

Provide emotional support: Late pregnancy can be an emotional time. Listen, offer reassurance, and be patient. Your presence and support matter more than you might realize.