Terbinafin Moberg Pharma (Terbinafine)
Single-application film-forming cutaneous solution for athlete's foot
Quick Facts About Terbinafin Moberg Pharma
Key Takeaways About Terbinafin Moberg Pharma
- Single-dose convenience: One application delivers a 13-day course of antifungal therapy directly to the skin, eliminating the need for daily creams or oral tablets
- Film-forming technology: The solvent evaporates to leave an invisible, water-resistant lipid film that gradually releases terbinafine into the stratum corneum
- Fungicidal action: Unlike fungistatic agents, terbinafine actively kills dermatophytes by inhibiting squalene epoxidase, disrupting fungal cell membranes
- Minimal systemic exposure: Less than 1% of the applied dose is absorbed systemically, greatly reducing the risk of systemic side effects or drug interactions
- Apply to both feet: Even if only one foot looks infected, both feet should be treated because reinfection from the untreated foot is common
What Is Terbinafin Moberg Pharma and What Is It Used For?
Terbinafin Moberg Pharma is a topical antifungal medication containing 98 mg/ml terbinafine hydrochloride. It is a film-forming cutaneous solution used as a single-application treatment for athlete's foot (tinea pedis) in adults. After application, it leaves a thin invisible film on the skin that continues to release terbinafine for up to 13 days, killing the fungi responsible for the infection.
Terbinafin Moberg Pharma belongs to the allylamine class of antifungal agents. Unlike many antifungal preparations that must be applied daily for weeks, this formulation uses innovative film-forming technology to concentrate an entire treatment course into a single application. The product is designed specifically for adult patients with interdigital athlete's foot — the most common form of tinea pedis, which occurs between the toes.
The active ingredient, terbinafine, works by inhibiting squalene epoxidase, an enzyme that fungi need to manufacture ergosterol — a critical component of the fungal cell membrane. Without ergosterol, the membrane becomes unstable and squalene accumulates to toxic levels inside the cell, killing the fungus. This mechanism makes terbinafine fungicidal rather than merely fungistatic, meaning it actively destroys fungi rather than just preventing their growth. The enzyme is unique to fungi, so human cells are not affected, which contributes to the drug's favorable safety profile.
What makes the Moberg Pharma formulation distinctive is its vehicle. The solution contains terbinafine dissolved in a mixture of volatile and non-volatile components. When you apply the solution to the skin, the volatile solvents (including ethanol) evaporate within one to two minutes, leaving behind a thin lipid-based film that adheres to the stratum corneum — the outermost layer of the skin. This film acts as a drug reservoir, allowing terbinafine to diffuse slowly into the skin over many days. Clinical studies have shown that therapeutic concentrations of the drug persist in the stratum corneum for at least 13 days after a single application, with fungicidal activity continuing throughout this period.
Terbinafin Moberg Pharma is specifically indicated for the treatment of:
- Tinea pedis (athlete's foot): Fungal infection of the feet, particularly the interdigital form that affects the spaces between the toes, caused by dermatophyte fungi including Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Epidermophyton floccosum
Athlete's foot is one of the most common superficial fungal infections worldwide, affecting an estimated 15–25% of the general population at some point in their lifetime. Men are more commonly affected than women, and risk factors include walking barefoot in communal areas such as swimming pools, gyms, and locker rooms; wearing tight or non-breathable footwear; and having chronically sweaty feet. The typical presentation includes itching, burning, scaling, redness, and sometimes cracking or peeling of the skin between the toes, along the sides, or on the soles of the feet.
Terbinafin Moberg Pharma is intended for uncomplicated interdigital athlete's foot. It is not indicated for the treatment of fungal nail infections (onychomycosis), ringworm of the scalp (tinea capitis), or for fungal infections caused by yeasts such as Candida. For these conditions, alternative treatments including oral terbinafine tablets or other topical antifungals are required. Before starting treatment, the diagnosis of athlete's foot should ideally be confirmed by a healthcare professional, as several skin conditions can mimic tinea pedis.
What Should You Know Before Using Terbinafin Moberg Pharma?
Before using Terbinafin Moberg Pharma, make sure you are not allergic to terbinafine or any excipients. This product is not recommended for children under 18 years. Inform your doctor if you are pregnant or breastfeeding. Do not apply to damaged skin, mucous membranes, eyes, or the inside of the mouth. The solution is flammable until it dries, so avoid naked flames during application.
Contraindications
You must not use Terbinafin Moberg Pharma if:
- You are allergic (hypersensitive) to terbinafine hydrochloride or to any of the other ingredients in the solution (including excipients such as hydroxypropylcellulose, ethanol, medium-chain triglycerides, and acrylates copolymer)
- You have experienced a previous allergic reaction to any topical or oral terbinafine product
Signs of an allergic reaction include widespread rash, hives, swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat, difficulty breathing, and dizziness. If you think you may have had an allergic reaction to terbinafine in the past, do not use this product and consult your doctor for alternative treatment options.
Warnings and Precautions
Talk to your doctor or pharmacist before using Terbinafin Moberg Pharma if any of the following apply to you:
- Broken or damaged skin: Do not apply the solution to open wounds, cuts, or areas of acutely inflamed skin. The alcohol-based vehicle may cause stinging and broken skin may allow greater systemic absorption
- Skin conditions on the feet: If you have other skin conditions affecting your feet (eczema, psoriasis, contact dermatitis) or diabetes-related foot complications, consult a healthcare professional before use, as the appearance of athlete's foot can overlap with these conditions
- Diabetes or poor circulation: Patients with diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, or immunosuppression should seek medical advice before self-treating any foot condition, as fungal infections in these groups may require more intensive management
- Severe or widespread infection: If the infection covers large areas of the feet, extends to the soles (moccasin-type), involves the nails, or is associated with blistering or weeping lesions, a stronger or longer treatment may be required
Terbinafin Moberg Pharma is for external use on the feet only. Do not apply to the face, scalp, genital area, or any mucous membrane. Avoid contact with eyes, nose, mouth, or broken skin. If accidental contact occurs, rinse thoroughly with water and seek medical advice if irritation persists. The solution is flammable until it dries because it contains ethanol — keep away from flames, hot surfaces, and do not smoke during application. After applying, allow 1–2 minutes for the film to dry completely before dressing or covering the feet.
Use in Children and Adolescents
Terbinafin Moberg Pharma is not recommended for use in children or adolescents under 18 years of age. The safety and efficacy of the single-application film-forming solution have not been established in pediatric populations. Fungal foot infections in children should be evaluated by a pediatrician or dermatologist, who may recommend alternative topical treatments better studied in this age group.
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
If you are pregnant, breastfeeding, think you may be pregnant, or are planning to have a baby, ask your doctor or pharmacist for advice before using this medicine.
- Pregnancy: As a precaution, Terbinafin Moberg Pharma should not be used during pregnancy unless clearly necessary. Clinical experience with topical terbinafine in pregnant women is limited. Although systemic absorption from the skin is very low (less than 1% of the applied dose), the potential effects on the developing fetus have not been fully characterized. Since athlete's foot is not a dangerous condition, treatment can usually be safely postponed until after delivery.
- Breastfeeding: Terbinafine is known to pass into breast milk following systemic administration. Although the amount absorbed from topical application is very small, mothers should not apply the solution to the breast area or allow direct skin contact between the treated area and the infant. If treatment of the feet is necessary during breastfeeding, discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor.
Driving and Using Machines
Terbinafin Moberg Pharma has no known effect on the ability to drive or operate machinery. However, if you experience any unusual symptoms such as dizziness following application, do not drive or operate heavy machinery until these symptoms resolve.
Flammability and Storage Safety
Because the solution contains ethanol, it is highly flammable until the film is dry. During and immediately after application:
- Do not smoke or expose the feet to open flames
- Keep away from heat sources, sparks, and hot surfaces
- Do not use near ignition sources such as gas stoves or candles
- Allow the solution to dry for a full 1–2 minutes before approaching any heat source
How Does Terbinafin Moberg Pharma Interact with Other Drugs?
Because less than 1% of the applied dose is absorbed systemically, Terbinafin Moberg Pharma has a very low potential for interactions with oral or injectable medications. However, you should avoid applying other topical products to the same area, including other antifungal creams, topical corticosteroids, moisturizers, or cosmetics, as these may interfere with film formation or mask symptoms of infection.
One of the major advantages of the film-forming cutaneous solution is the minimal systemic exposure to terbinafine. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that following a single application to both feet, plasma concentrations of terbinafine are typically below 1% of those achieved with standard oral terbinafine therapy. This means that clinically meaningful interactions with systemic drugs — which are well documented with oral terbinafine tablets — are not expected with the topical solution.
Topical Product Interactions
The main interactions to be aware of are with other topical products applied to the feet. These may affect film formation, remove the film prematurely, or complicate assessment of treatment response:
| Product Type | Potential Effect | Recommendation |
|---|---|---|
| Other topical antifungals | May interfere with film integrity; dilutes local drug concentration | Do not use creams, gels, powders, or sprays containing other antifungals during the 13-day treatment window |
| Topical corticosteroids | May mask symptoms; can suppress local immunity and worsen fungal infection | Avoid unless specifically prescribed by a physician for a concurrent inflammatory condition |
| Moisturizers and emollients | May disrupt the film and reduce drug reservoir | Do not apply to the treated area for at least 24 hours; thereafter, use only if necessary |
| Alcohol-based products | May dissolve or remove the film prematurely | Avoid alcohol-based wipes, hand sanitizers on feet, or perfumed sprays |
| Occlusive bandages | May transfer film off the skin; increases warmth and moisture | Use only breathable dressings if needed; avoid plastic wraps or tight tape |
Systemic Drug Interactions
Although the absorbed fraction is small, terbinafine is metabolized by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) system in the liver and is known to inhibit CYP2D6. With the topical solution, this inhibition is unlikely to reach clinically significant levels, but healthcare professionals should still be informed of all medications you are taking. Drugs that have demonstrated interactions with oral terbinafine include certain beta-blockers (such as metoprolol), tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), antiarrhythmics, dextromethorphan, and caffeine. These are not expected to be problematic with the cutaneous solution but should be mentioned to your doctor if you are taking them.
Do not wash your feet for 24 hours after applying Terbinafin Moberg Pharma. This allows the film to fully stabilize in the stratum corneum. After 24 hours, you can shower or bathe normally. The film is water-resistant and has largely diffused into the skin layers by this time. Even after bathing, therapeutic drug concentrations will continue to be maintained in the stratum corneum for the full 13-day treatment course.
What Is the Correct Dosage of Terbinafin Moberg Pharma?
Terbinafin Moberg Pharma is used as a single application. Wash and dry both feet thoroughly, then apply a thin continuous layer of the solution to both feet — covering the soles, between all toes, and approximately 1.5 cm up the sides and top of each foot. Let it dry for 1–2 minutes to form an invisible film. Do not wash your feet for the next 24 hours. One treatment course consists of this single application, and no further doses are required.
Always use this medicine exactly as your doctor or pharmacist has told you. Check with your doctor or pharmacist if you are not sure about the correct way to apply the solution. The success of treatment depends heavily on applying the product correctly and generously to cover all potentially infected areas.
Adults (18 Years and Older)
Standard Dose
A single application to both feet
Apply a thin, continuous layer of the solution to the clean, dry skin of both feet, regardless of whether the infection is visible on only one foot. Allow 1–2 minutes for the film to form. One treatment course = one application only. Do not repeat.
Step-by-Step Application Instructions
| Step | Action | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Wash | Wash both feet thoroughly with soap and water | Clean skin ensures optimal contact and film formation |
| 2. Dry | Dry feet completely, especially between the toes | Moisture prevents the film from adhering properly |
| 3. Wash hands | Wash and dry your hands before handling the bottle | Prevents contamination of the applicator |
| 4. Apply | Apply a thin continuous layer to the sole, between all toes, and 1.5 cm up the sides and top of each foot | Use approximately half the bottle per foot; apply to both feet even if only one looks infected |
| 5. Dry film | Wait 1–2 minutes for the solution to dry and form an invisible film | Keep away from flames during drying; the solution is flammable |
| 6. Wash hands | Wash your hands again to remove any residual solution | Prevents accidental spread to other body areas |
| 7. Protect film | Do not wash feet for 24 hours after application | Putting on clean socks and shoes is fine once the film has dried |
Children and Adolescents
The use of Terbinafin Moberg Pharma is not recommended in children and adolescents below 18 years of age. Clinical studies have not established safety and efficacy in this age group. If a minor has athlete's foot, a pediatrician or dermatologist should recommend an appropriate alternative treatment, such as a topical antifungal cream with an established pediatric safety profile.
Elderly Patients
No dose adjustment is necessary in elderly patients. However, older adults may have thinner skin, reduced peripheral circulation, or co-existing conditions that affect the feet (such as diabetes or peripheral vascular disease). In these cases, medical advice should be sought before self-treating fungal foot infections.
What If the Film Washes Off Prematurely?
If the treated skin becomes wet within 24 hours after application, the film may be partially washed off, potentially reducing the duration and effectiveness of the treatment. In this situation, wait for the skin to dry completely and consult your doctor or pharmacist before reapplying. Do not apply a second dose without professional guidance, as the safety of repeated dosing has not been extensively studied.
Expected Response to Treatment
Most patients notice improvement in symptoms (itching, burning, redness) within the first week after application. The full therapeutic effect relies on the 13-day drug reservoir in the stratum corneum, during which the fungi are killed. Complete visible healing of the skin may take several weeks because new, healthy skin must replace the damaged stratum corneum.
You should contact your doctor if:
- There is no improvement in symptoms within 1 week after application
- Symptoms persist or have not fully resolved after 6 weeks
- The infection worsens at any point (increased redness, weeping, blistering, pain)
- New symptoms develop, such as swelling of the foot or fever
Overdose
Overdose with topical Terbinafin Moberg Pharma is very unlikely given the small total dose applied and low systemic absorption. However, if a large amount is accidentally ingested (for example, by a child), contact a poison information center or hospital emergency department immediately. Because the solution contains ethanol, ingestion may cause symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. Keep the medicine out of the reach of children at all times.
To avoid reinfection after successful treatment, wash socks and towels in hot water (at least 60°C), wear breathable cotton socks, alternate shoes to allow them to dry fully between uses, and consider using an antifungal powder in shoes. Avoid walking barefoot in communal areas such as gym changing rooms, swimming pool decks, and public showers. Keep feet dry, especially between the toes, and change wet socks promptly.
What Are the Side Effects of Terbinafin Moberg Pharma?
Like all medicines, Terbinafin Moberg Pharma can cause side effects, but not everyone gets them. Most side effects are local reactions at the application site, including skin irritation, burning, dryness, or itching. Serious side effects are rare because systemic absorption is minimal. Stop use and seek medical attention if you experience signs of a severe allergic reaction such as widespread rash, facial swelling, or difficulty breathing.
Severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) with difficulty breathing, swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat, rapid heartbeat, or dizziness. Severe widespread skin reaction with blistering, peeling, or open sores (possible Stevens-Johnson syndrome, though very rare with topical application). Severe burning, blistering, or ulceration at the application site that does not improve after the solution is rinsed off.
Very Common
- None reported at this frequency with the single-application cutaneous solution
Common
- Skin dryness at the application site
- Skin irritation or burning sensation
- Redness (erythema) at the application site
- Mild stinging on application, usually transient
- Itching (pruritus) at the application site
- Feeling of tightness or pulling of the skin as the film dries
Uncommon
- Peeling (exfoliation) of skin at the application site
- Small, localized skin rash
- Dermatitis or eczema-like reactions
- Scaling of the skin beyond the infected area
- Pain or tenderness at the application site
- Discoloration (hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation) of the skin
Rare and Very Rare
- Allergic contact dermatitis (delayed hypersensitivity reaction)
- Urticaria (hives) at or near the application site
- Systemic allergic reactions (very rare due to minimal absorption)
- Photosensitivity reactions with sun exposure
- Blistering of the skin at the application site
- Anaphylactic reactions (very rare)
- Angioedema (swelling of deeper skin layers)
Side Effects Reported With Unknown Frequency
The following reactions have been reported rarely during post-marketing surveillance of topical terbinafine products. Their exact frequency with the single-application cutaneous solution cannot be precisely determined:
- Severe skin reactions: Although extremely rare with topical terbinafine, serious cutaneous reactions such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis have been reported in isolated cases. Seek immediate medical attention for any severe, spreading rash with blistering or skin peeling
- Anosmia or parosmia: Changes in smell perception have been reported with oral terbinafine; occurrences with topical use are exceedingly rare due to negligible systemic exposure
- Flu-like symptoms: Rarely reported; causality with topical application is uncertain
- Hair loss (alopecia): Reported with systemic terbinafine; has not been clearly linked to topical use
If you experience any side effects, including any possible side effects not listed here, talk to your doctor or pharmacist. You can also report side effects directly to your national pharmacovigilance authority (such as the FDA MedWatch program in the United States, the MHRA Yellow Card Scheme in the UK, or the EMA EudraVigilance system in the European Union). By reporting side effects, you can help provide more information on the safety of this medicine.
How Should You Store Terbinafin Moberg Pharma?
Store Terbinafin Moberg Pharma below 25°C. Keep the bottle tightly closed to prevent evaporation of the solvent. Store upright in the outer carton to protect from light, and keep out of the sight and reach of children. Because the product contains ethanol, store away from heat sources and open flames. Do not use after the expiry date.
Proper storage maintains the stability and safety of the film-forming solution. Follow these guidelines:
- Temperature: Store below 25°C (77°F). Do not refrigerate or freeze the solution
- Keep tightly closed: Ensure the cap is firmly replaced after each use to prevent evaporation of ethanol and other volatile components
- Light protection: Keep the bottle in the original outer carton to protect from light
- Upright storage: Store the bottle upright to prevent leakage
- Keep out of reach of children: The solution contains ethanol and should never be accessible to children
- Fire safety: Because the product is flammable, store away from heat, sparks, open flames, and other ignition sources. Do not store in vehicles during hot weather
- Check the expiry date: Do not use this medicine after the expiry date stated on the carton and bottle after "EXP." The expiry date refers to the last day of that month
- Disposal: Do not dispose of medicines via wastewater or household waste. Ask your pharmacist how to dispose of medicines you no longer need. These measures help protect the environment
What Does Terbinafin Moberg Pharma Contain?
Each millilitre of Terbinafin Moberg Pharma contains 98 mg of terbinafine hydrochloride as the active ingredient. Inactive ingredients include film-forming polymers (such as hydroxypropylcellulose and acrylates copolymer), medium-chain triglycerides as a non-volatile carrier, and ethanol as a volatile solvent that evaporates after application.
Active Ingredient
The active substance is terbinafine hydrochloride. Each millilitre of cutaneous solution contains 98 mg terbinafine hydrochloride, equivalent to approximately 87.5 mg of terbinafine free base. Terbinafine hydrochloride is a white to off-white crystalline powder that is freely soluble in ethanol and methanol but practically insoluble in water. The high concentration in this formulation is required to deliver a full therapeutic course in a single application.
Inactive Ingredients (Excipients)
The cutaneous solution contains the following inactive ingredients, each of which plays a specific role in forming the drug-delivery film:
- Hydroxypropylcellulose: A film-forming polymer that provides the structural matrix of the invisible film on the skin
- Acrylates copolymer: An additional film-former that enhances film flexibility and adhesion to the stratum corneum
- Medium-chain triglycerides: A non-volatile lipid carrier that creates a lipophilic reservoir for terbinafine and helps it penetrate the skin
- Ethanol (anhydrous): A volatile solvent that dissolves terbinafine and other components; evaporates within 1–2 minutes after application, leaving the solid film behind
- Additional excipients: May include preservatives, emulsifiers, or pH adjusters depending on regional formulation. Refer to the product's patient information leaflet for the complete list specific to your pack
Appearance and Pack Sizes
Terbinafin Moberg Pharma is a clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid solution with a slight alcohol odor. It is typically supplied in small tubes or bottles containing approximately 4 grams (enough for one complete application to both feet) with an integrated applicator. Not all pack sizes may be marketed in every country. Each package contains a single-dose unit; once opened, the product should be used immediately as the solvent begins to evaporate on exposure to air.
Marketing Authorization Holder and Manufacturer
Terbinafin Moberg Pharma is developed and marketed by Moberg Pharma AB, a Swedish specialty pharmaceutical company focused on dermatology and foot care. The product is subject to national marketing authorization; availability, indications, and exact formulation details may vary by country. Always consult your local product information leaflet for region-specific details.
Frequently Asked Questions About Terbinafin Moberg Pharma
Terbinafin Moberg Pharma is a topical (cutaneous) film-forming solution containing 98 mg/ml terbinafine hydrochloride. It is used to treat athlete's foot (tinea pedis) in adults 18 years and older as a single-application therapy. The solution dries to form an invisible film on the skin that continues to release terbinafine into the stratum corneum for up to 13 days, killing the dermatophyte fungi that cause the infection.
Apply Terbinafin Moberg Pharma as a single treatment. Wash and thoroughly dry both feet and hands. Apply a thin, continuous layer of the solution to both feet, covering the soles, between all toes, and approximately 1.5 cm up the sides and top of each foot. Treat both feet even if only one appears infected to prevent reinfection. Allow the solution to dry for 1 to 2 minutes until a clear film forms. Wash your hands afterwards and do not wash your feet for 24 hours.
After a single application, the invisible film continues delivering terbinafine to the skin for up to 13 days. Visible improvement in symptoms such as itching, redness, and scaling typically begins within the first week. Complete resolution of the infection and full healing of the skin may take up to 4 to 6 weeks, as new healthy skin must replace the damaged stratum corneum. If symptoms have not improved after one week or have not resolved after six weeks, consult your doctor.
Dermatophyte fungi are often present on both feet even when only one shows visible symptoms. The untreated foot can act as a reservoir and reinfect the treated foot within days or weeks of apparent recovery. Treating both feet simultaneously eradicates all fungal reservoirs and significantly improves long-term cure rates. This bilateral treatment approach is supported by clinical evidence and is a key reason for the high efficacy of the single-application regimen.
You should not wash, shower, or immerse your feet in water for 24 hours after applying Terbinafin Moberg Pharma. This allows the film to fully set and distribute drug into the stratum corneum. After the 24-hour window, normal bathing and showering are fine; the film has largely diffused into deeper skin layers and therapeutic concentrations persist for the full 13 days. Light exercise and normal activities are possible immediately after the film dries, provided your feet are kept dry for 24 hours.
As a precaution, do not use Terbinafin Moberg Pharma during pregnancy unless clearly necessary, and only after consulting a doctor. Systemic absorption from the topical solution is minimal (less than 1%), but safety during pregnancy has not been fully established. During breastfeeding, do not apply the solution to the breast area and avoid direct skin-to-skin contact between the treated area and the infant, as terbinafine passes into breast milk. Discuss risks and benefits with your healthcare provider.
Most side effects are local and mild. Common effects at the application site include skin dryness, irritation, burning, redness, itching, and a feeling of tightness as the film dries. Uncommon effects include peeling, rash, or contact dermatitis. Serious side effects, including severe allergic reactions, are rare because less than 1% of the drug is absorbed systemically. Stop using the product and seek medical attention if you experience signs of a severe allergic reaction such as widespread rash, facial swelling, or difficulty breathing.
Yes, the liquid solution contains ethanol and is flammable until the film has dried. During application, keep away from open flames, hot surfaces, sparks, and other ignition sources. Do not smoke, use candles, or stand near a gas stove while applying or during the 1 to 2 minute drying period. Once the film has formed and is fully dry, the flammability risk is negligible because the volatile solvent has evaporated. Store the bottle in a cool place away from heat.
References
This article is based on the following international medical sources and peer-reviewed research:
- European Medicines Agency (EMA). Terbinafine — Summary of Product Characteristics. EMA Medicines Database. Available at: www.ema.europa.eu
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Lamisil (terbinafine hydrochloride) — Prescribing Information. FDA Drug Database. Available at: www.accessdata.fda.gov
- British National Formulary (BNF). Terbinafine (topical). NICE Evidence Services. Available at: bnf.nice.org.uk
- World Health Organization (WHO). WHO Model List of Essential Medicines — 23rd List (2023). Geneva: WHO; 2023.
- Ortonne JP, Korting HC, Viguie-Vallanet C, et al. Efficacy and safety of a new single-dose terbinafine 1% formulation in patients with tinea pedis (athlete's foot): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. 2006;20(10):1307–1313. doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2006.01807.x
- Kienzler JL, Queille-Roussel C, Mugglestone C, et al. Stratum corneum pharmacokinetics of the anti-fungal drug, terbinafine, in a novel topical formulation, for single-dose application in dermatophytoses. Current Medical Research and Opinion. 2007;23(6):1293–1302. doi:10.1185/030079907X188099
- Gupta AK, Skinner AR, Cooper EA. Interdigital tinea pedis (dermatophytosis simplex and complex) and treatment with ciclopirox 0.77% gel. International Journal of Dermatology. 2003;42 Suppl 1:23–27.
- Crawford F, Hollis S. Topical treatments for fungal infections of the skin and nails of the foot. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2007;(3):CD001434. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001434.pub2
- Rotta I, Sanchez A, Goncalves PR, et al. Efficacy and safety of topical antifungals in the treatment of dermatomycosis: a systematic review. British Journal of Dermatology. 2012;166(5):927–933. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.10815.x
- Ely JW, Rosenfeld S, Seabury Stone M. Diagnosis and management of tinea infections. American Family Physician. 2014;90(10):702–710.
About Our Medical Editorial Team
This article has been written and reviewed by qualified medical professionals with expertise in dermatology, clinical pharmacology, and infectious disease medicine. Our editorial team follows international evidence-based guidelines and the GRADE framework for assessing the quality of medical evidence.
Medical Writing
iMedic Medical Editorial Team — Specialists in dermatology and clinical pharmacology
Medical Review
iMedic Medical Review Board — Independent review according to EMA, FDA, and WHO guidelines
Evidence Level
Level 1A — Based on systematic reviews, regulatory data, and randomized controlled trials
Conflict of Interest
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