Micafungin Accord: Uses, Dosage & Side Effects
An echinocandin antifungal for the treatment of invasive candidiasis, oesophageal candidiasis, and prophylaxis of Candida infections in immunocompromised patients
Micafungin Accord (micafungin sodium) is an echinocandin antifungal medication used for the treatment and prevention of serious fungal infections caused by Candida species. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of a critical component of the fungal cell wall, called 1,3-beta-D-glucan, causing the fungal cell to become unstable and die. Micafungin Accord is administered exclusively by intravenous infusion in a hospital or clinical setting and is indicated for invasive candidiasis, oesophageal candidiasis, and prophylaxis of Candida infections in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation or those with prolonged neutropenia. It is approved for use in adults, children, and neonates.
Quick Facts: Micafungin Accord
Key Takeaways
- Micafungin Accord is an echinocandin antifungal that inhibits the synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucan in the fungal cell wall, providing potent activity against most Candida species and some activity against Aspergillus species.
- It is approved for three indications: treatment of invasive candidiasis, treatment of oesophageal candidiasis in adults, and prophylaxis (prevention) of Candida infections in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation or with prolonged neutropenia.
- Micafungin is administered exclusively by intravenous infusion over approximately 1 hour in a hospital setting; no oral formulation is available, and patients cannot self-administer this medication at home.
- It can be used in all age groups including neonates, children, and adults, and does not require dose adjustment for renal impairment or mild to moderate hepatic impairment, though it is not recommended in severe hepatic impairment.
- Liver function should be monitored during treatment as hepatotoxicity including hepatitis and hepatic failure have been reported; anaphylaxis and hemolytic reactions are rare but serious potential adverse effects.
What Is Micafungin Accord and What Is It Used For?
Micafungin Accord contains the active substance micafungin sodium, which belongs to the echinocandin class of antifungal drugs. The echinocandins represent one of the most significant advances in antifungal therapy in recent decades, offering a unique mechanism of action that targets the fungal cell wall rather than the cell membrane or intracellular processes. This class of drugs is considered first-line therapy for many forms of invasive candidiasis according to major international guidelines, including those published by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID).
The mechanism of action of micafungin involves the non-competitive inhibition of the enzyme 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase. This enzyme is essential for the production of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, a polysaccharide that forms a critical structural component of the cell wall in many fungi, including Candida and Aspergillus species. When this glucan is not produced, the fungal cell wall loses its structural integrity, leading to osmotic instability, swelling, and ultimately lysis (destruction) of the fungal cell. Crucially, 1,3-beta-D-glucan is not found in mammalian cells, which gives micafungin an excellent selectivity profile – it targets fungal cells specifically while causing minimal direct toxicity to human cells.
Micafungin demonstrates potent in vitro and in vivo activity against a broad range of Candida species, including Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei, and Candida parapsilosis, although minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for C. parapsilosis are generally higher than for other species. It also has activity against Aspergillus species, where it inhibits the growing tips of hyphae. Notably, micafungin is not effective against Cryptococcus species, Fusarium species, or Mucor species, as these organisms either lack 1,3-beta-D-glucan in their cell walls or possess alternative structural components that maintain cell wall integrity.
Micafungin Accord is approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA), the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and regulatory authorities in numerous other countries for the following indications:
- Treatment of invasive candidiasis: This includes candidemia (fungal organisms in the bloodstream), acute disseminated candidiasis (spread of infection to multiple organs), Candida peritonitis, and deep-tissue Candida infections. Micafungin is approved for this indication in adults and in children, including neonates. International guidelines from IDSA and ESCMID recommend echinocandins, including micafungin, as first-line treatment for candidemia and most forms of invasive candidiasis.
- Treatment of oesophageal candidiasis: In adult patients where intravenous therapy is appropriate, micafungin can be used to treat fungal infections of the oesophagus (gullet). This condition most commonly occurs in severely immunocompromised patients, such as those with advanced HIV/AIDS or those receiving intensive immunosuppressive therapy.
- Prophylaxis of Candida infections: Micafungin is used to prevent Candida infections in patients undergoing allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) or in patients who are expected to have neutropenia (low white blood cell counts, specifically neutrophils below 500 cells/μL) lasting 10 days or more. These patients are at particularly high risk for invasive fungal infections due to their severely compromised immune systems.
Candida species are yeast-like fungi that normally colonize the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and genitourinary tract of healthy humans without causing disease. However, in patients whose immune systems are weakened – due to cancer chemotherapy, organ transplantation, critical illness, major surgery (especially abdominal), or conditions such as HIV/AIDS – these organisms can invade the bloodstream and internal organs, causing life-threatening infections. Invasive candidiasis carries a mortality rate of approximately 25–50%, making prompt and effective antifungal treatment essential.
International guidelines recommend echinocandins like micafungin as first-line therapy for invasive candidiasis because they have a broad spectrum of activity against the most common Candida species, a favorable safety profile compared to amphotericin B, few significant drug interactions, and can be used safely in patients with renal impairment without dose adjustment. Additionally, echinocandins are fungicidal (cell-killing) against Candida, whereas azole antifungals like fluconazole are only fungistatic (growth-inhibiting).
What Should You Know Before Taking Micafungin Accord?
Contraindications
There are specific situations in which Micafungin Accord must not be used. Understanding these absolute contraindications is essential for safe prescribing and administration.
- Hypersensitivity: Do not receive Micafungin Accord if you have a known allergy to micafungin sodium, any other echinocandin antifungal (such as caspofungin or anidulafungin), or any of the other ingredients in the product (including lactose monohydrate, citric acid anhydrous, and sodium hydroxide). Anaphylactic and anaphylactoid reactions, including shock, have been reported with echinocandin use.
Warnings and Precautions
Serious hepatic adverse reactions, including hepatitis and hepatic failure with fatal outcome, have been reported in patients treated with micafungin. Cases of hepatic impairment, hepatitis, and hepatic failure have been observed during clinical trials and post-marketing surveillance. If you develop abnormal liver function tests, you should be monitored for signs of worsening hepatic function and evaluated for the risk/benefit of continuing treatment. Your doctor will perform blood tests to monitor your liver before and during treatment.
Before and during treatment with Micafungin Accord, inform your doctor about the following:
- Liver disease: Micafungin should be used with caution in patients with existing liver disease. Hepatic effects including elevated liver enzymes, hepatitis, hepatocellular damage, and cholestasis have been observed. In preclinical studies, prolonged treatment in rats was associated with foci of altered hepatocytes and hepatocellular tumours. Although no direct link has been established in humans, the EMA recommends that micafungin should only be used when the benefits clearly outweigh the risks, particularly if other antifungal options are available.
- Hemolytic conditions: Rarely, hemolysis (destruction of red blood cells) and hemolytic anemia have been reported. If clinical or laboratory evidence of hemolysis or worsening anemia occurs during micafungin treatment, the risk/benefit should be carefully reassessed, and treatment may need to be discontinued.
- Renal impairment: Renal failure and elevated blood urea nitrogen have been observed in some patients. Although no dose adjustment is necessary, renal function should be monitored during therapy, particularly in patients receiving concomitant nephrotoxic agents.
- Allergic reactions: Anaphylaxis and anaphylactoid reactions have been reported. If an infusion-related reaction occurs (rash, pruritus, facial flushing, vasodilation), the infusion should be slowed or discontinued, and appropriate supportive measures administered.
- Histamine-mediated reactions: Histamine-mediated symptoms including rash, pruritus, facial swelling, and vasodilatation have been reported. These reactions may be more likely if the infusion rate is too rapid.
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
Micafungin Accord should not be used during pregnancy unless the clinical condition of the woman requires treatment and the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the foetus. Animal reproductive toxicity studies have demonstrated developmental toxicity at doses exceeding clinical exposures, including visceral abnormalities and abortion in rabbits. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women.
It is not known whether micafungin is excreted in human breast milk. Micafungin was found in the milk of lactating rats. A decision must be made whether to discontinue breastfeeding or to discontinue treatment with micafungin, taking into account the benefit of breastfeeding for the child and the benefit of therapy for the mother.
Women of childbearing potential should use effective contraception during treatment. There are no specific data on the effect of micafungin on human fertility, but animal studies did not indicate any adverse effects on male or female fertility.
In preclinical studies, treatment with micafungin for 3 months or longer in rats was associated with the development of foci of altered hepatocytes and hepatocellular tumours. The clinical relevance of this finding to humans is uncertain, but it is one reason why the EMA recommends considering alternative antifungals when available, particularly for prolonged treatment courses.
How Does Micafungin Accord Interact with Other Drugs?
One of the clinical advantages of echinocandin antifungals, including micafungin, is their relatively limited potential for drug–drug interactions compared to the triazole antifungals (fluconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, itraconazole). Micafungin is not a significant substrate of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme system and has a low potential for CYP-mediated interactions. However, several clinically relevant interactions have been identified.
Micafungin is metabolized primarily by non-CYP pathways (arylsulfatase and catechol-O-methyltransferase). In vitro studies suggest that micafungin is a weak inhibitor of CYP3A4, and this may lead to modest increases in exposure to drugs that are substrates of this enzyme. The following interactions have been documented:
Clinically Significant Interactions
| Interacting Drug | Effect | Clinical Recommendation | Severity |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sirolimus | Micafungin increases sirolimus AUC by approximately 21% | Monitor sirolimus levels and adjust dose as needed | Moderate |
| Nifedipine | Micafungin increases nifedipine AUC by approximately 18% | Monitor for nifedipine toxicity (hypotension, edema); consider dose reduction | Moderate |
| Itraconazole | Micafungin increases itraconazole AUC by approximately 22% | Monitor itraconazole levels; combination use may occasionally be appropriate in severe infections | Moderate |
| Amphotericin B (deoxycholate) | Potential for additive nephrotoxicity when used concomitantly | Monitor renal function closely; avoid combination if possible; use lipid formulations of amphotericin B if needed | Moderate |
| Cyclosporine | No clinically significant pharmacokinetic interaction identified in studies | No dose adjustment required; routine monitoring is sufficient | Low |
| Tacrolimus | No clinically significant pharmacokinetic interaction identified | No dose adjustment required; routine therapeutic drug monitoring is sufficient | Low |
| Mycophenolate mofetil | No clinically significant pharmacokinetic interaction identified | No dose adjustment required | Low |
Minor Interactions and General Considerations
Unlike the triazole antifungals, micafungin does not significantly inhibit or induce the major CYP enzymes (CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4 beyond the weak effect described). Consequently, clinically significant interactions with most drugs metabolized by the CYP system are unlikely. However, because the clinical data on interactions are not exhaustive, caution is advised when introducing any new medication during micafungin therapy.
Micafungin is highly protein-bound (greater than 99%), primarily to albumin. In vitro, micafungin does not displace other highly protein-bound drugs from albumin. The pharmacokinetics of micafungin are not significantly affected by co-administration with commonly used medications in the intensive care setting, including fluconazole, ritonavir, and prednisolone.
Always inform your healthcare team of all medications you are taking, including prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines, herbal supplements, and vitamins. This allows your physician to monitor for any potential interactions and make appropriate dose adjustments.
What Is the Correct Dosage of Micafungin Accord?
Micafungin Accord should be prescribed by a physician experienced in the management of invasive fungal infections. Treatment should be initiated based on appropriate microbiological cultures and diagnostic investigations, although empiric treatment may be started before culture results are available in critically ill patients. The duration of treatment depends on the clinical response and the type and site of infection.
Adults (including elderly patients)
| Indication | Dose | Duration |
|---|---|---|
| Invasive candidiasis | 100 mg/day (may increase to 200 mg/day if response inadequate) | Minimum 14 days after last positive blood culture; at least 2 weeks from adequate clinical response |
| Oesophageal candidiasis | 150 mg/day | Minimum 7 days after resolution of symptoms |
| Prophylaxis of Candida infections | 50 mg/day | Continue until neutrophil recovery (neutrophils ≥500 cells/μL) or per clinical judgement |
Children (including neonates)
Dosing in paediatric patients is based on body weight. The following weight-based recommendations apply:
Children weighing more than 40 kg
Use adult dosing: 100 mg/day for invasive candidiasis (may increase to 200 mg/day), 150 mg/day for oesophageal candidiasis, 50 mg/day for prophylaxis.
Children weighing 40 kg or less
Invasive candidiasis: 2 mg/kg/day (may increase to 4 mg/kg/day if response is inadequate). Oesophageal candidiasis: 3 mg/kg/day. Prophylaxis: 1 mg/kg/day.
Neonates and infants under 4 months
Neonates and young infants may require higher weight-adjusted doses because of differences in pharmacokinetics (more rapid clearance). Invasive candidiasis: A dose of 4–10 mg/kg/day may be considered. Prophylaxis: 2 mg/kg/day. Clinical judgement and local guidelines should guide dosing decisions.
Elderly Patients
No dose adjustment is required for elderly patients. Clinical studies have not demonstrated clinically significant differences in the pharmacokinetics or safety of micafungin in elderly patients compared to younger adults. Standard adult dosing should be used.
Renal and Hepatic Impairment
No dose adjustment is required for patients with any degree of renal impairment, including patients on dialysis. Micafungin is not significantly removed by hemodialysis. For patients with mild to moderate hepatic impairment, no dose adjustment is necessary. Micafungin is not recommended in patients with severe hepatic impairment due to insufficient data. If used, liver function must be monitored closely.
Preparation and Administration
Micafungin Accord 50 mg powder is reconstituted by adding 5 mL of sodium chloride 9 mg/mL (0.9%) solution for infusion or glucose 50 mg/mL (5%) solution for infusion. The vial should be gently swirled; do not shake vigorously, as micafungin tends to foam. The reconstituted concentrate is then diluted in a suitable volume (typically 100 mL) of sodium chloride 0.9% or glucose 5% and administered over approximately 1 hour by intravenous infusion. The reconstituted solution should be used immediately, although it may be stored for up to 24 hours at 2–8°C when necessary.
Missed Dose
Because Micafungin Accord is administered by healthcare professionals in a hospital setting, doses are unlikely to be missed. If a dose is inadvertently delayed or omitted, it should be given as soon as possible. Do not double the dose to compensate for a missed dose.
Overdose
There is limited clinical experience with micafungin overdose. In clinical trials, daily doses up to 8 mg/kg (maximum total dose of 896 mg) were administered without dose-limiting toxicity. In the event of accidental overdose, general supportive measures should be employed. Micafungin is highly protein-bound and is not dialyzable; therefore, hemodialysis is unlikely to be effective in removing the drug from the circulation.
What Are the Side Effects of Micafungin Accord?
Like all medicines, Micafungin Accord can cause side effects, although not everybody gets them. In clinical trials involving over 3,000 patients, micafungin was generally well tolerated. The most frequently reported adverse reactions were gastrointestinal symptoms, elevated liver enzymes, and hematological changes. The side effects listed below are organized by frequency according to the internationally recognized MedDRA classification.
Very Common
May affect more than 1 in 10 people
- Hypokalaemia (low potassium levels in the blood)
- Nausea
- Elevated alkaline phosphatase
- Elevated AST (aspartate aminotransferase)
- Elevated ALT (alanine aminotransferase)
Common
May affect up to 1 in 10 people
- Leukopenia (low white blood cell count)
- Neutropenia (low neutrophil count)
- Anemia (low red blood cell count)
- Thrombocytopenia (low platelet count)
- Hypomagnesaemia (low magnesium)
- Hypocalcaemia (low calcium)
- Hyponatraemia (low sodium)
- Headache
- Diarrhea
- Vomiting
- Abdominal pain
- Elevated blood bilirubin
- Rash
- Pyrexia (fever)
- Rigors (chills/shivering)
- Phlebitis (inflammation at the infusion site)
- Elevated blood urea nitrogen
- Elevated creatinine
Uncommon
May affect up to 1 in 100 people
- Pancytopenia (decrease in all blood cell types)
- Eosinophilia (elevated eosinophils)
- Anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reactions
- Hypersensitivity reactions
- Insomnia
- Anxiety
- Somnolence (drowsiness)
- Dizziness
- Tremor
- Tachycardia (rapid heartbeat)
- Palpitations
- Hypotension (low blood pressure)
- Flushing
- Dyspnoea (shortness of breath)
- Dyspepsia (indigestion)
- Constipation
- Hepatitis
- Hepatocellular damage
- Jaundice
- Cholestasis
- Hepatomegaly (enlarged liver)
- Urticaria (hives)
- Pruritus (itching)
- Erythema (skin redness)
- Renal failure
- Injection site reactions
Rare
May affect up to 1 in 1,000 people
- Hemolytic anemia (destruction of red blood cells)
- Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
- Hepatic failure
- Toxic epidermal necrolysis (severe skin reaction)
- Stevens-Johnson syndrome
- Erythema multiforme
- Anaphylactic shock
Not Known
Frequency cannot be estimated from available data
- Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS syndrome)
- Acute intravascular hemolysis
- Hemoglobinuria
Paediatric Population
The overall side effect profile in children and neonates is similar to that observed in adults. However, some adverse reactions have been reported more frequently in children in clinical trials, including elevated transaminases (liver enzymes), thrombocytopenia, and tachycardia. In neonates, particular attention should be paid to hepatic and renal function during treatment.
Seek immediate medical attention if you experience any signs of a serious allergic reaction (difficulty breathing, swelling of the face, throat or tongue, severe rash), signs of liver problems (yellowing of the skin or eyes, dark urine, unexplained fatigue, right-sided abdominal pain), or signs of hemolysis (sudden fatigue, dark or cola-colored urine, rapid heartbeat, pale skin).
If you experience any side effects, including those not listed here, tell your doctor or nurse. You can also report suspected side effects to your national pharmacovigilance authority (e.g., the EMA in Europe, the FDA MedWatch program in the United States, or the MHRA Yellow Card Scheme in the United Kingdom) to help monitor the ongoing benefit-risk profile of Micafungin Accord.
How Should Micafungin Accord Be Stored?
Keep this medicine out of the sight and reach of children. Do not use after the expiry date stated on the vial label and outer carton after EXP. The expiry date refers to the last day of that month.
- Unopened vials: Store below 25°C (77°F). Do not freeze.
- Reconstituted solution (concentrate): The reconstituted concentrate should be diluted and used immediately. If not used immediately, chemical and physical in-use stability has been demonstrated for 24 hours at 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F).
- Diluted infusion solution: Should be used immediately. If not used immediately, it may be stored at 2°C to 8°C for up to 24 hours. The diluted solution should be protected from light.
- Inspection: The reconstituted solution should be clear and colorless. Do not use if you observe any particles or cloudiness.
As Micafungin Accord is prepared and administered in a hospital or clinic, storage will be handled by your healthcare team and pharmacy. Do not dispose of any medicines via wastewater or household waste. The doctor or nurse will ensure proper disposal of unused medicine to protect the environment.
What Does Micafungin Accord Contain?
Active Substance
The active substance is micafungin (as micafungin sodium). Each vial contains 50 mg of micafungin. After reconstitution with 5 mL of sodium chloride 0.9% or glucose 5%, each mL of the reconstituted concentrate contains 10 mg of micafungin. The final diluted solution for infusion is typically prepared to a concentration of 0.5–4 mg/mL.
Inactive Ingredients (Excipients)
- Lactose monohydrate (200 mg per vial)
- Citric acid anhydrous
- Sodium hydroxide (for pH adjustment)
Micafungin Accord contains 200 mg of lactose monohydrate per vial. This is unlikely to be clinically significant when administered intravenously, but patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, the Lapp lactase deficiency, or glucose-galactose malabsorption should be informed.
Appearance
Micafungin Accord is a white to off-white compact freeze-dried powder (lyophilisate) supplied in a glass vial with a rubber stopper and aluminium flip-off cap. After reconstitution, the solution is a clear, colorless liquid. Each carton contains one single-use vial.
Marketing Authorization Holder
Accord Healthcare S.L.U., Barcelona, Spain. Micafungin Accord is a generic medicine, with Mycamine (marketed by Astellas Pharma) as the reference product. It contains the same active substance at the same strength and is therapeutically equivalent to the reference product.
Frequently Asked Questions About Micafungin Accord
Micafungin Accord is a generic medicine containing the same active substance (micafungin sodium) at the same strength (50 mg) as Mycamine, which is the originator product manufactured by Astellas Pharma. Both products are therapeutically equivalent, meaning they have the same clinical effectiveness and safety profile. The main difference is the manufacturer and brand name. Generic medicines are approved through a rigorous regulatory process that confirms bioequivalence with the reference product.
Treatment duration depends on the indication and clinical response. For invasive candidiasis, treatment should continue for at least 14 days after the last positive blood culture and at least 2 weeks from adequate clinical response; total treatment duration is typically 2–6 weeks. For oesophageal candidiasis, treatment is given for a minimum of 7 days after symptom resolution, usually totaling 2–3 weeks. For prophylaxis in stem cell transplant patients, treatment continues until neutrophil recovery (neutrophils above 500 cells/μL), typically 2–6 weeks.
Yes. Micafungin does not require dose adjustment in patients with any degree of renal impairment, including those on hemodialysis. Because micafungin is highly protein-bound (over 99%) and has a large molecular weight, it is not significantly removed by hemodialysis. Standard dosing should be used, and the infusion can be administered on dialysis days either before, during, or after the dialysis session.
Liver monitoring is required because micafungin can cause hepatotoxicity, ranging from elevated liver enzymes (which is common and often clinically insignificant) to rare but serious hepatitis and hepatic failure. Additionally, preclinical studies in rats showed the development of liver tumours with prolonged treatment. While no direct link to human liver cancer has been established, the regulatory authorities recommend monitoring liver function tests before and during treatment, and carefully assessing whether the benefits outweigh the risks, particularly if alternative antifungal agents are available.
Micafungin has in vitro activity against Aspergillus species, but it is not approved for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis as a standalone therapy. In Aspergillus, echinocandins inhibit growth at the hyphal tips and are considered fungistatic rather than fungicidal. The IDSA and ESCMID guidelines recommend voriconazole or isavuconazole as first-line treatment for invasive aspergillosis, with echinocandins reserved as part of salvage or combination therapy in selected patients who have failed or cannot tolerate first-line agents.
Yes. Because micafungin is only available as an intravenous formulation, physicians commonly employ a step-down strategy: the patient is started on micafungin for the initial treatment of invasive candidiasis (when oral absorption may be unreliable or when a potent fungicidal agent is needed), and once the patient has stabilized clinically and is able to tolerate oral medications, treatment may be switched to an oral azole antifungal such as fluconazole (if the Candida species is susceptible). This approach allows for earlier hospital discharge while maintaining effective antifungal coverage.
References
- European Medicines Agency (EMA). Mycamine (micafungin) – Summary of Product Characteristics. Last updated 2025. Available from: EMA EPAR.
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Mycamine (micafungin sodium) Prescribing Information. Revised 2024. Available from: FDA Drug Label.
- Pappas PG, Kauffman CA, Andes DR, et al. Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Candidiasis: 2016 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;62(4):e1–e50. doi:10.1093/cid/civ933.
- Cornely OA, Bassetti M, Calandra T, et al. ESCMID guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: non-neutropenic adult patients. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012;18 Suppl 7:19–37. doi:10.1111/1469-0691.12039.
- Kuse ER, Chetchotisakd P, da Cunha CA, et al. Micafungin versus liposomal amphotericin B for candidaemia and invasive candidosis: a phase III randomised double-blind trial. Lancet. 2007;369(9572):1519–1527. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60605-9.
- Pappas PG, Rotstein CM, Betts RF, et al. Micafungin versus caspofungin for treatment of candidemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45(7):883–893. doi:10.1086/520980.
- van Burik JA, Ratanatharathorn V, Stepan DE, et al. Micafungin versus fluconazole for prophylaxis against invasive fungal infections during neutropenia in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;39(10):1407–1416. doi:10.1086/422312.
- de Wet N, Llanos-Cuentas A, Suleiman J, et al. A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, dose-response study of micafungin compared with fluconazole for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis in HIV-positive patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;39(6):842–849. doi:10.1086/423377.
- World Health Organization (WHO). WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List. Geneva: WHO; 2023.
- Denning DW. Echinocandin antifungal drugs. Lancet. 2003;362(9390):1142–1151. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14472-8.
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