Kineret: Uses, Dosage & Side Effects
A recombinant interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, autoinflammatory syndromes (CAPS, FMF), Still's disease, and COVID-19 hyperinflammation
Quick Facts: Kineret
Key Takeaways
- Kineret (anakinra) blocks interleukin-1, a key driver of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis, autoinflammatory diseases, and COVID-19 hyperinflammation.
- It is administered as a once-daily subcutaneous injection using a pre-filled syringe, and patients can self-inject after proper training.
- Do not combine Kineret with TNF-alpha inhibitors (e.g., etanercept) as this significantly increases infection risk without additional benefit.
- The most common side effects are injection site reactions (redness, swelling, itching) and headache, which typically improve over time.
- Regular blood tests are needed to monitor white blood cell counts (neutrophils) during treatment, as neutropenia is a known risk.
What Is Kineret and What Is It Used For?
Kineret contains the active substance anakinra, a recombinant (genetically engineered) form of the naturally occurring human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). It belongs to a class of medicines called cytokine inhibitors (immunosuppressants) that work by specifically blocking the harmful effects of excess interleukin-1 in the body. Anakinra is manufactured using DNA technology in the bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli).
Under normal circumstances, the body produces IL-1Ra to regulate the activity of interleukin-1, a cytokine that coordinates communication between cells and controls cellular activity. In conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes, familial Mediterranean fever, Still's disease, and COVID-19 pneumonia, the body produces excessive amounts of IL-1. This overproduction leads to damaging inflammatory cascades that cause joint destruction, recurrent fevers, organ damage, and other serious symptoms. Anakinra works in the same way as the body's natural IL-1Ra, competitively binding to the IL-1 type I receptor and preventing IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta from activating downstream inflammatory pathways.
Approved Indications
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): Kineret is approved for treating signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis in adults (aged 18 and older) in combination with methotrexate. It is intended for patients whose response to methotrexate alone is insufficient to adequately control the disease. In clinical trials, anakinra demonstrated statistically significant improvements in ACR response criteria, including reduced joint swelling, tenderness, and pain compared to placebo, when added to background methotrexate therapy.
COVID-19 Hyperinflammation: Kineret is approved for treating hyperinflammation associated with COVID-19 in adults who have pneumonia requiring supplemental oxygen (low- or high-flow oxygen therapy) and are at risk of progressing to respiratory failure. The SAVE-MORE trial demonstrated that anakinra significantly reduced mortality and the need for mechanical ventilation in appropriately selected patients with elevated soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) levels, confirming its role in managing the cytokine storm associated with severe COVID-19.
Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes (CAPS): Kineret is approved for treating inflammation associated with CAPS in adults and children aged 8 months and older. CAPS encompasses a spectrum of three related conditions: Neonatal-Onset Multisystem Inflammatory Disease (NOMID), also known as Chronic Infantile Neurological Cutaneous Articular Syndrome (CINCA); Muckle-Wells Syndrome (MWS); and Familial Cold Autoinflammatory Syndrome (FCAS). These rare genetic conditions are caused by mutations in the NLRP3 gene, leading to overproduction of IL-1 beta and recurrent episodes of fever, rash, joint pain, and potential organ damage.
Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF): Kineret is approved for treating signs and symptoms of FMF, including recurrent fever, fatigue, abdominal pain, muscle or joint pain, and rash. It can be used alone or in combination with colchicine, particularly in patients who are colchicine-resistant or intolerant. FMF is the most common monogenic autoinflammatory disease, caused by mutations in the MEFV gene, and IL-1 blockade has shown excellent results in preventing attacks and reducing the risk of secondary amyloidosis.
Still's Disease: Kineret is approved for treating Still's disease, including Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (SJIA) in children and adults, and Adult-Onset Still's Disease (AOSD). These conditions are characterised by high spiking fevers, evanescent salmon-coloured rash, arthritis, and markedly elevated inflammatory markers. IL-1 plays a central role in the pathogenesis of Still's disease, and anakinra has shown rapid and dramatic clinical responses, particularly when initiated early in the disease course.
What Should You Know Before Taking Kineret?
Contraindications
- You are allergic (hypersensitive) to anakinra or any other ingredient in the medicine
- You are allergic to other products manufactured using DNA technology with the micro-organism E. coli
- You have neutropenia (low white blood cell count) as confirmed by a blood test
Before initiating treatment, your physician will perform a complete blood count including differential white blood cell count. Patients with pre-existing neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count below 1.5 × 109/L) should not receive anakinra. If neutropenia develops during treatment, the decision to continue, reduce the dose, or discontinue should be made by your treating physician based on clinical judgement and the severity of the condition being treated.
Warnings and Precautions
Discuss the following with your doctor before starting Kineret:
- Recurrent infections or asthma: Kineret may worsen these conditions. Because anakinra suppresses part of the immune system, patients are at increased risk for infections, including opportunistic infections. If you develop signs of infection such as persistent fever, chills, cough, or skin redness and tenderness, contact your healthcare provider immediately.
- Cancer: Your doctor must evaluate whether you should still receive Kineret. The role of IL-1 inhibition in patients with existing malignancies has not been fully established.
- Elevated liver enzymes: If you have a history of liver enzyme elevations, your doctor may need to monitor liver function more closely during treatment.
- Vaccinations: You must not be vaccinated with live vaccines while being treated with Kineret. Inactivated vaccines may be given, but the immune response may be diminished. Ideally, all recommended vaccinations should be completed before starting therapy.
Still's disease: In rare cases, patients with Still's disease, particularly children, may develop lung disease during treatment with Kineret. The risk may be higher in patients with Down syndrome (trisomy 21). Symptoms of lung disease include shortness of breath during light exertion, morning cough, and breathing difficulties. Contact your healthcare provider immediately if these symptoms develop.
DRESS syndrome: Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) has been rarely reported during Kineret treatment, particularly in children with SJIA. Seek immediate medical attention if you develop an atypical widespread rash, potentially accompanied by high temperature and enlarged lymph nodes.
CAPS (NOMID/CINCA): Systemic amyloidosis has been reported in some NOMID/CINCA patients who used high-dose anakinra for several years, initially manifesting as subcutaneous nodules at injection sites. Symptoms of systemic amyloidosis may include swelling (especially in legs and ankles), foamy urine, muscle cramps, unexplained weight loss, diarrhoea, constipation, and fatigue.
Use in Children and Adolescents
Kineret is not recommended for children under 8 months of age for any indication, as clinical data for this age group are not available. For CAPS, FMF, and Still's disease, Kineret can be used in children aged 8 months and older. The use of Kineret in children and adolescents with rheumatoid arthritis has not been fully studied and is therefore not recommended. Similarly, Kineret has not been evaluated in children and adolescents with COVID-19.
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
Kineret has not been adequately tested in pregnant women. Its use is not recommended during pregnancy or for women of childbearing potential who are not using effective contraception. If you are pregnant, think you may be pregnant, or are planning to have a baby, you must inform your doctor so that the potential risks of taking Kineret during pregnancy can be discussed. Animal reproductive studies have not shown direct harmful effects on the developing fetus; however, human data are insufficient to fully assess the risk.
It is not known whether anakinra is excreted in human breast milk. You must discontinue breastfeeding if you are using Kineret. The decision to either discontinue breastfeeding or discontinue Kineret therapy should be made in consultation with your physician, taking into account the benefit of breastfeeding for the child and the benefit of therapy for the mother.
Excipient Information
This medicine contains less than 1 mmol (23 mg) sodium per 100 mg dose, meaning it is essentially sodium-free. It also contains 0.70 mg polysorbate 80 per pre-filled syringe (equivalent to 1.04 mg/mL). Polysorbates may cause allergic reactions in some individuals. Inform your doctor if you have any known allergies to polysorbates.
How Does Kineret Interact with Other Drugs?
Tell your doctor or pharmacist about all medications you are taking, have recently taken, or might take. Drug interactions with Kineret are primarily related to its immunosuppressive mechanism and the potential for additive immunosuppression when combined with other biological agents.
Major Interactions
Medicines belonging to the TNF-alpha inhibitor class, such as etanercept, adalimumab, infliximab, golimumab, and certolizumab pegol, must not be used together with Kineret. Clinical studies have demonstrated that combining anakinra with TNF-alpha inhibitors significantly increases the risk of serious infections and neutropenia without providing additional therapeutic benefit. If you are transitioning from one of these agents to Kineret (or vice versa), an appropriate washout period should be observed, as determined by your physician.
Other Interactions
When you begin taking Kineret, the chronic inflammation in your body will decrease. This reduction in systemic inflammation can affect the metabolism of certain medications, meaning their doses may need to be adjusted. The following interactions are clinically relevant:
| Drug / Drug Class | Interaction Type | Clinical Recommendation |
|---|---|---|
| TNF-alpha inhibitors (etanercept, adalimumab, infliximab) | Increased risk of serious infections and neutropenia | Contraindicated — do not combine |
| Other biologic DMARDs (abatacept, rituximab, tocilizumab) | Potential additive immunosuppression | Use with caution; limited data available |
| Warfarin | Reduced inflammation may alter warfarin metabolism via CYP enzymes | Monitor INR closely; dose adjustment may be needed |
| Phenytoin | Reduced inflammation may alter phenytoin metabolism | Monitor phenytoin levels; dose adjustment may be needed |
| Live vaccines (e.g., MMR, varicella, BCG) | Risk of infection from attenuated organisms in immunosuppressed patients | Contraindicated during Kineret treatment |
| Methotrexate | No pharmacokinetic interaction identified | Safe to combine (approved combination for RA) |
| Colchicine | No pharmacokinetic interaction identified | Safe to combine (approved combination for FMF) |
Importantly, Kineret can be safely combined with methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis and with colchicine for familial Mediterranean fever, as no clinically significant pharmacokinetic interactions have been identified with these combinations. Other conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) such as sulfasalazine and hydroxychloroquine have also been used concurrently with anakinra without evidence of increased toxicity.
What Is the Correct Dosage of Kineret?
Always use Kineret exactly as prescribed by your doctor. The injection should be administered subcutaneously (under the skin) once daily, preferably at the same time each day. Your doctor will determine the appropriate dose based on your condition, body weight (in children), and clinical response.
Adults
Rheumatoid Arthritis
The recommended dose is 100 mg once daily, administered by subcutaneous injection. Kineret should be used in combination with methotrexate. Clinical benefit is usually seen within the first 12 weeks of treatment. Continued therapy should be reconsidered in patients who have not responded within 16 weeks.
COVID-19 Hyperinflammation
The recommended dose is 100 mg once daily for 10 days, administered by subcutaneous injection. Treatment should be initiated in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who require supplemental oxygen and are at risk of progressing to severe respiratory failure, as identified by elevated suPAR levels (≥6 ng/mL) or other validated criteria.
CAPS, FMF, and Still's Disease (Adults)
The recommended starting dose is typically 100 mg once daily. Your physician may adjust the dose based on disease severity and clinical response. Some patients with severe CAPS (particularly NOMID/CINCA) may require doses exceeding 100 mg daily, up to a maximum of 8 mg/kg/day in exceptional cases, as determined by their specialist.
Children (Aged 8 Months and Older)
CAPS, FMF, and Still's Disease (Paediatric)
The recommended dose is weight-based, ranging from 1 to 4 mg/kg/day, administered by subcutaneous injection. The starting dose is typically 1–2 mg/kg/day, which may be increased to a maximum of 4 mg/kg/day based on clinical response. For children weighing less than 50 kg, dosing uses the graduated markings on the pre-filled syringe (20–90 mg). Children weighing 50 kg or more may receive the full 100 mg dose. Your child's physician will calculate the exact dose needed.
Elderly Patients
No specific dose adjustment is recommended for elderly patients. However, given the higher prevalence of decreased renal function, infections, and reduced immune competence in older adults, caution is advised. Renal function should be assessed before initiating therapy, and more frequent monitoring for infections and adverse effects may be warranted.
Patients with Renal Impairment
No dose adjustment is required for patients with mild renal impairment (creatinine clearance >60 mL/min). In patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance <30 mL/min), including those on dialysis, alternate-day dosing should be considered, as clearance of anakinra is predominantly renal and reduced kidney function leads to increased drug exposure.
Missed Dose
If you forget to take a dose of Kineret, contact your doctor to determine when you should take your next dose. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed injection. Maintaining consistent daily dosing is important for optimal therapeutic effect, particularly in autoinflammatory conditions where IL-1 levels can rebound rapidly after a missed dose.
Overdose
It is unlikely that you will experience serious problems if you accidentally take too much Kineret. However, if this occurs, contact your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist immediately. In clinical studies, no dose-limiting toxicities were observed at doses up to 35 times the recommended RA dose. If you feel unwell after an accidental overdose, seek immediate medical attention. There is no specific antidote for anakinra; management is supportive and symptomatic.
Self-Injection Instructions
Your doctor or nurse may decide that it is best for you to inject Kineret yourself at home. They will demonstrate the proper technique before you attempt self-injection. The injection should be given subcutaneously into the fatty tissue just beneath the skin. Suitable injection sites include the abdomen (avoiding the area around the navel), upper thighs, buttocks, and outer upper arms. You should rotate injection sites each time to prevent tenderness or irritation at any one location.
Before injecting, remove the pre-filled syringe from the refrigerator and allow it to reach room temperature for approximately 30 minutes, or hold it gently in your hand for a few minutes. Do not heat it by other means (such as microwaves or hot water). Do not shake the syringe. The solution should appear clear, colourless to white; it may contain some translucent to white protein particles, which is normal and does not affect product quality. Do not use the solution if it is discoloured, cloudy, or contains other types of particles.
What Are the Side Effects of Kineret?
Like all medicines, Kineret can cause side effects, although not everyone experiences them. The possible side effects are the same regardless of whether you are being treated for rheumatoid arthritis, CAPS, FMF, Still's disease, or COVID-19 hyperinflammation. Below is a comprehensive summary of reported adverse reactions organised by frequency.
- Signs of serious infection: persistent high fever, shaking chills, cough, headache, skin redness and tenderness. Persistent low-grade fever, weight loss, and persistent cough may also indicate infection.
- Signs of severe allergic reaction: swelling of the face, tongue, or throat; difficulty swallowing or breathing; sudden rapid heartbeat or sweating; itching or rash. Do not inject any more Kineret.
- Signs of DRESS syndrome: atypical widespread skin rash, possibly accompanied by high temperature and enlarged lymph nodes (especially in children with Still's disease).
Very Common
May affect more than 1 in 10 people
- Injection site reactions: redness, swelling, bruising, or itching at the injection site (usually mild to moderate, most common during the first months of treatment)
- Headache
- Elevated total blood cholesterol levels
Common
May affect up to 1 in 10 people
- Neutropenia (low white blood cell count, confirmed by blood test), increasing the risk of infections. Symptoms may include fever or sore throat.
- Serious infections such as pneumonia or skin infections (cellulitis)
- Thrombocytopenia (low platelet count)
Uncommon
May affect up to 1 in 100 people
- Severe allergic reactions: swelling of face, tongue, or throat; difficulty swallowing or breathing; sudden rapid heartbeat or sweating; itching or rash
- Elevated liver enzyme levels (detected by blood tests)
Not Known
Frequency cannot be estimated from available data
- Signs of liver disease: yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice), nausea, loss of appetite, dark-coloured urine, and pale stools
- Injection site amyloidosis: subcutaneous nodules (amyloid deposits) at injection sites when the same area is used repeatedly — rotate injection sites to prevent this
- DRESS syndrome: atypical widespread skin rash, possibly with high temperature and enlarged lymph nodes
Injection Site Reactions in Detail
Injection site reactions are the most frequently reported adverse effect of Kineret and are experienced by the majority of patients during the first one to two months of therapy. These reactions typically present as localised redness, swelling, mild bruising, or itching at the injection site. They are generally mild to moderate in severity, self-limiting, and tend to diminish in both frequency and intensity as treatment continues. In clinical trials, injection site reactions were the most common reason for treatment discontinuation, accounting for approximately 5–7% of withdrawals. Rotating injection sites and allowing the syringe to reach room temperature before injection can help minimise discomfort.
Infections
Because Kineret modulates the immune system by blocking IL-1 signalling, patients may be at increased risk for certain infections. Serious infections, including pneumonia and cellulitis, have been reported, particularly in patients receiving concomitant immunosuppressive therapy. Patients should be advised to seek prompt medical attention if they develop signs or symptoms of infection, including fever, malaise, cough, or skin changes. Treatment with Kineret should be interrupted in patients who develop a serious active infection, and should not be reinitiated until the infection has fully resolved.
Haematological Effects
Neutropenia has been reported in clinical trials and post-marketing surveillance. Complete blood counts, including neutrophil counts, should be obtained before initiating treatment, monthly during the first three months, and then quarterly thereafter. More frequent monitoring may be warranted in patients with pre-existing haematological abnormalities or those receiving concomitant myelosuppressive agents.
Reporting Side Effects
If you experience any side effects, talk to your doctor, pharmacist, or nurse. This includes any possible side effects not listed above. You can also report side effects directly to your national pharmacovigilance authority (e.g., the FDA MedWatch programme in the United States, the Yellow Card Scheme in the United Kingdom, or the EMA EudraVigilance system in the European Union). By reporting side effects, you help provide more information on the safety of this medicine.
How Should You Store Kineret?
Proper storage of Kineret is essential to maintain the quality and effectiveness of the medicine. The following guidelines should be strictly observed:
- Keep out of the sight and reach of children at all times.
- Do not use after the expiry date printed on the label and carton (EXP). The expiry date refers to the last day of the stated month.
- Store in a refrigerator at 2–8°C (36–46°F). Do not freeze. If a syringe has been accidentally frozen, do not use it.
- Keep the syringe in its original packaging to protect it from light.
- Once a syringe has been removed from the refrigerator and has reached room temperature (not exceeding 25°C / 77°F), it must be used within 72 hours or discarded. Do not return it to the refrigerator after storing at room temperature.
Do not dispose of medicines via the drain or with household waste. Ask your pharmacist how to dispose of medicines you no longer use. These measures help to protect the environment. Used pre-filled syringes and any gauze or tissue with Kineret solution should be disposed of according to local regulations for sharps and biohazardous waste.
What Does Kineret Contain?
Kineret is supplied as a clear, colourless to white solution for injection in graduated pre-filled syringes that are ready for use. It may contain some translucent to white protein particles, which is normal and does not affect product quality. The solution should not be used if it is discoloured, cloudy, or contains other types of particles.
| Component | Type | Function |
|---|---|---|
| Anakinra 100 mg | Active ingredient | Recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist |
| Citric acid anhydrous | Excipient | pH buffer |
| Sodium chloride | Excipient | Tonicity agent |
| Disodium edetate dihydrate | Excipient | Chelating agent (stabiliser) |
| Polysorbate 80 | Excipient | Surfactant (stabiliser) |
| Sodium hydroxide | Excipient | pH adjustment |
| Water for injections | Excipient | Solvent |
Kineret is available in pack sizes of 1, 7, or 28 (multipack containing 4 packs of 7 pre-filled syringes) pre-filled syringes. Not all pack sizes may be marketed in every country. The pre-filled syringe features graduated markings to allow for dose adjustment in paediatric patients requiring doses of 20–90 mg.
Frequently Asked Questions About Kineret
Kineret (anakinra) is a prescription biologic medicine used to treat several inflammatory and autoinflammatory conditions. It is approved for rheumatoid arthritis (in combination with methotrexate when methotrexate alone is insufficient), cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS, including NOMID/CINCA, MWS, and FCAS), familial Mediterranean fever (FMF, alone or with colchicine), Still's disease (including SJIA in children and AOSD in adults), and COVID-19-associated hyperinflammation in hospitalised adults requiring supplemental oxygen.
While both Kineret and TNF inhibitors (such as etanercept, adalimumab, or infliximab) are biologic medicines used to treat inflammatory conditions, they target different parts of the immune system. Kineret blocks interleukin-1 (IL-1), whereas TNF inhibitors block tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Kineret has a much shorter half-life (4–6 hours versus days to weeks for TNF inhibitors), which can be advantageous in acute situations like macrophage activation syndrome. These two classes of medicines should never be used together due to the increased risk of serious infections.
The onset of action varies by condition. In Still's disease and CAPS, many patients experience dramatic improvement within hours to days, particularly with resolution of fever and systemic symptoms. For rheumatoid arthritis, clinical benefit is typically seen within the first 12 weeks of treatment. If no meaningful response is achieved within 16 weeks for RA, your doctor may reconsider treatment. For FMF, reduction in attack frequency and severity is usually observed within the first few weeks of therapy.
Yes, you can travel with Kineret, but proper cold-chain storage must be maintained. Carry the syringes in an insulated cool bag with ice packs during transit. Once removed from refrigeration and brought to room temperature (up to 25°C), syringes must be used within 72 hours. When flying, always carry Kineret in your hand luggage — never in checked baggage where temperatures cannot be controlled. Bring a letter from your doctor confirming your need to carry injectable medication and syringes.
If you miss a dose of Kineret, contact your doctor to ask when you should take your next dose. Do not take a double dose to compensate for a missed one. For conditions like CAPS or Still's disease, missing a dose may lead to a rapid return of symptoms (fever, rash, pain) due to the short half-life of anakinra. Resume your regular dosing schedule as advised by your healthcare provider. Setting a daily alarm can help ensure consistent daily administration.
Kineret has not been adequately studied in pregnant women and is generally not recommended during pregnancy. Women of childbearing potential should use effective contraception during treatment. If you become pregnant while taking Kineret, inform your doctor immediately. The decision to continue or discontinue treatment will depend on the severity of your condition, the availability of alternative therapies, and a careful assessment of risks versus benefits. Animal studies have not shown direct embryotoxic or teratogenic effects, but human data are insufficient.
References
- European Medicines Agency (EMA). Kineret (anakinra) – Summary of Product Characteristics. Last updated 2025. Available at: ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/kineret
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Kineret (anakinra) – Prescribing Information. Available at: accessdata.fda.gov
- Fraenkel L, et al. 2021 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis & Rheumatology. 2021;73(7):1108–1123. doi:10.1002/art.41752
- Kyriazopoulou E, et al. Early treatment of COVID-19 with anakinra guided by soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor plasma levels: a double-blind, randomized controlled phase 3 trial (SAVE-MORE). Nature Medicine. 2021;27(10):1752–1760. doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01499-z
- Ozen S, et al. EULAR recommendations for the management of familial Mediterranean fever. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2016;75(4):644–651. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-208690
- Neven B, et al. Long-term efficacy of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist anakinra in ten patients with neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease/chronic infantile neurological, cutaneous, articular syndrome. Arthritis & Rheumatism. 2010;62(1):258–267. doi:10.1002/art.25057
- Vastert SJ, et al. Effectiveness of first-line treatment with recombinant interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in steroid-naive patients with new-onset systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: results of a prospective cohort study. Arthritis & Rheumatology. 2014;66(4):1034–1043. doi:10.1002/art.38296
- British National Formulary (BNF). Anakinra. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Available at: bnf.nice.org.uk/drugs/anakinra
- World Health Organization (WHO). WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023). Available at: who.int
About Our Medical Team
All content on iMedic is created and reviewed by qualified medical professionals following international evidence-based guidelines. Our editorial process ensures accuracy, currency, and clinical relevance.
Medical Content Team
Specialists in rheumatology, immunology, and clinical pharmacology with extensive experience in autoinflammatory diseases, biologic therapies, and IL-1-targeted treatments.
Medical Review Board
Independent panel of board-certified physicians who verify all medical claims against current evidence and international guidelines (WHO, EMA, FDA, ACR, EULAR).
Editorial Standards
All content follows the GRADE evidence framework and is based on Level 1A evidence from systematic reviews and randomised controlled trials where available.
Independence
iMedic receives no pharmaceutical company funding or sponsorship. All content is editorially independent, ensuring unbiased medical information for patients and caregivers.