Deflazacort XGX Pharma
Deflazacort 6 mg Tablets – Corticosteroid for Inflammatory & Autoimmune Conditions
Deflazacort XGX Pharma is a prescription corticosteroid containing deflazacort 6 mg. It is used to treat a wide range of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, severe asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) in patients aged 2 years and older. As an oxazoline derivative of prednisolone, deflazacort provides potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects while being associated with a potentially more favorable impact on bone metabolism compared to other corticosteroids.
Quick Facts
Key Takeaways
- Deflazacort XGX Pharma is a corticosteroid used for a broad spectrum of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, as well as Duchenne muscular dystrophy in children aged 2 years and older.
- The recommended dose for DMD is approximately 0.9 mg/kg/day given once daily; adult doses range from 6 to 90 mg per day depending on the condition.
- Never stop taking deflazacort suddenly after long-term treatment – gradual dose reduction is essential to prevent adrenal crisis.
- Common side effects include weight gain, moon face, increased appetite, and increased susceptibility to infections; long-term use requires monitoring for osteoporosis, cataracts, and diabetes.
- Multiple drug interactions exist, including with NSAIDs, anti-epileptics, and anticoagulants – always inform your doctor of all medications you are taking.
What Is Deflazacort XGX Pharma and What Is It Used For?
Deflazacort XGX Pharma belongs to a group of medicines called corticosteroids (also known as glucocorticoids). Corticosteroids are synthetic versions of cortisol, a hormone naturally produced by the adrenal glands. These medications work by suppressing the immune system and reducing inflammation throughout the body. Deflazacort is specifically an oxazoline derivative of prednisolone, which means it undergoes conversion in the body to an active metabolite called 21-desacetyldeflazacort before exerting its therapeutic effects.
The mechanism of action involves binding to intracellular glucocorticoid receptors, which then translocate to the cell nucleus and modulate gene transcription. This process suppresses the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules, effectively dampening the inflammatory cascade. The result is a reduction in swelling, redness, pain, and tissue damage associated with inflammatory and autoimmune processes.
Deflazacort has been studied extensively in clinical trials and is recognized for its relatively favorable bone-sparing properties compared to some other corticosteroids such as prednisolone. Research published in peer-reviewed journals has suggested that deflazacort may cause less calcium loss from bones and potentially less impact on glucose metabolism, although all corticosteroids carry similar risks with long-term use.
Approved Indications
Deflazacort XGX Pharma is approved for the treatment of numerous conditions across multiple medical specialties:
Rheumatic and connective tissue diseases: Rheumatoid arthritis (painful swelling of joints), psoriatic arthritis (inflammation of skin and joints), polymyalgia rheumatica (muscle pain and stiffness around shoulders and hips), acute rheumatic fever, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), severe dermatomyositis, polyarteritis nodosa, and cranial (giant cell) arteritis.
Skin conditions: Generalized exfoliative dermatitis (severe inflammation of the entire skin surface), severe erythema multiforme (skin reactions caused by infections or certain medications), and erythema nodosum (inflammation of fat cells beneath the skin).
Allergic conditions: Severe asthma and severe hypersensitivity reactions that do not respond adequately to other treatments.
Respiratory conditions: Extrinsic allergic alveolitis (hypersensitivity pneumonitis), an inflammatory condition of the lungs caused by inhaled environmental allergens.
Eye conditions: Choroiditis, chorioretinitis, iritis, and iridocyclitis – various forms of ocular inflammation affecting the uveal tract.
Liver conditions: Chronic active hepatitis (autoimmune liver inflammation).
Gastrointestinal conditions: Ulcerative colitis (inflammation and ulcers in the large intestine) and Crohn's disease (inflammation anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract).
Kidney conditions: Nephrotic syndrome (excessive protein loss in the urine).
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD): In patients aged 2 years and older. DMD is a genetic disorder causing progressive muscle breakdown and weakness. Deflazacort is one of the most commonly prescribed corticosteroids for DMD management and has been shown in clinical trials to help preserve muscle strength and function, delay loss of ambulation, and improve respiratory outcomes.
What Should You Know Before Taking Deflazacort XGX Pharma?
Before starting treatment with Deflazacort XGX Pharma, it is essential to discuss your complete medical history with your healthcare provider. Corticosteroids interact with many body systems and can worsen certain pre-existing conditions. Your doctor will weigh the potential benefits against the risks in your individual case and may need to adjust the dosage or monitoring schedule accordingly.
Contraindications
Do not take Deflazacort XGX Pharma if you:
- Are allergic to deflazacort or any of the other ingredients in this medicine (lactose monohydrate, microcrystalline cellulose, maize starch, magnesium stearate).
- Have an active peptic ulcer – corticosteroids can worsen existing ulcers and delay healing, increasing the risk of perforation and bleeding.
- Have active bacterial infections such as active tuberculosis, or viral infections including herpes simplex eye disease, herpes zoster (shingles), or varicella (chickenpox).
- Have systemic fungal infections affecting the entire body, as corticosteroids can severely worsen these infections by suppressing the immune response.
- Have recently received or are about to receive a live vaccine – corticosteroids can reduce the immune response to vaccination and may increase the risk of infection from live attenuated vaccines.
Warnings and Precautions
Talk to your doctor or pharmacist before taking Deflazacort XGX Pharma if you have any of the following conditions:
- Heart disease (heart failure) – corticosteroids can cause fluid retention and electrolyte imbalances that may worsen cardiac function.
- High blood pressure (hypertension) – deflazacort may cause sodium and water retention, raising blood pressure further.
- History of blood clots (thrombosis, embolism) – corticosteroids may increase the risk of thromboembolic events.
- Digestive system problems including esophageal, intestinal, or stomach irritation or inflammation, as corticosteroids can increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding or perforation.
- Diabetes mellitus – deflazacort can elevate blood glucose levels, potentially worsening diabetic control or unmasking latent diabetes.
- Mood disturbances or psychotic tendencies – corticosteroids can cause psychiatric side effects including euphoria, insomnia, depression, and in rare cases, psychosis.
- Recent surgical anastomoses (newly created blood vessel or intestinal connections) – corticosteroids can impair wound healing.
- Seizure disorders – corticosteroids may lower the seizure threshold in susceptible individuals.
- Glaucoma (increased pressure in the eye) – long-term corticosteroid use can elevate intraocular pressure.
- Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) – this may alter the metabolism of deflazacort, potentially increasing its effects.
- Any active infection – corticosteroids suppress the immune system and can mask symptoms of infection.
- Liver disease – since deflazacort is metabolized in the liver, hepatic impairment may lead to increased blood levels.
- Blurred vision or other visual disturbances – these may indicate cataracts or glaucoma, both of which can be caused or worsened by corticosteroids.
It may be necessary to increase the dosage of deflazacort during periods of physiological stress such as infections, trauma, or surgery. Your doctor should be informed about your corticosteroid treatment before any planned surgical procedures. Carry a steroid treatment card at all times.
Long-term corticosteroid treatment suppresses the body's natural cortisol production by the adrenal glands. Deflazacort must be withdrawn gradually after prolonged use. Never stop taking this medicine without consulting your doctor, as abrupt withdrawal can lead to adrenal crisis – a potentially life-threatening condition characterized by severe fatigue, low blood pressure, nausea, and collapse.
Children and Adolescents
Long-term use of deflazacort may impair growth and development in children and adolescents. Regular monitoring of height and growth velocity is essential during treatment. The growth-suppressing effects are generally dose-dependent, and your doctor will aim to use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration possible. Despite these concerns, in conditions such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, the benefits of corticosteroid treatment in preserving muscle function typically outweigh the growth-related risks.
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
If you are pregnant, think you may be pregnant, or are planning to have a baby, seek advice from your doctor before taking this medicine. Deflazacort crosses the placenta and there is a small risk that the baby may be affected. Corticosteroid use during pregnancy has been associated with a slightly increased risk of cleft palate when used during the first trimester, and potential effects on fetal growth and adrenal function with prolonged use. Your doctor will only prescribe this medicine during pregnancy if the benefits clearly outweigh the potential risks.
Small amounts of deflazacort may pass into breast milk. Breastfeeding mothers should discuss the risks and benefits with their healthcare provider. In many cases, low doses of corticosteroids are considered compatible with breastfeeding, but individual assessment is needed.
Driving and Using Machines
If you experience dizziness while taking deflazacort, do not drive or operate machinery. You are responsible for assessing your fitness to drive, and the use of this medication may impair your ability due to side effects such as dizziness, visual disturbances, or mood changes.
Lactose Content
Deflazacort XGX Pharma tablets contain lactose monohydrate. If you have been told by your doctor that you have an intolerance to some sugars, contact your doctor before taking this medicine.
How Does Deflazacort XGX Pharma Interact with Other Drugs?
Drug interactions are an important consideration with any corticosteroid. Deflazacort can affect and be affected by numerous other medications. Always inform your doctor or pharmacist about all medicines you are taking, have recently taken, or might take, including over-the-counter medications and herbal supplements.
Major Interactions
The following interactions may have significant clinical consequences and may require dose adjustments or alternative treatments:
| Interacting Drug | Effect | Clinical Significance |
|---|---|---|
| Aspirin & NSAIDs (ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac) | Increased risk of gastrointestinal ulceration and bleeding | Avoid combination if possible; gastroprotection may be needed |
| Rifampicin (antibiotic for tuberculosis) | Accelerates metabolism of deflazacort via CYP3A4 induction, reducing its effectiveness | Dose increase of deflazacort may be required |
| Phenytoin, Carbamazepine, Barbiturates (anti-epileptics) | Induce hepatic enzymes, reducing deflazacort blood levels | Deflazacort dose may need adjustment; monitor therapeutic response |
| Insulin & oral antidiabetics | Deflazacort raises blood glucose, counteracting diabetic medications | Blood glucose monitoring increased; diabetes medication dose may need upward adjustment |
| Oral anticoagulants (warfarin) | Altered anticoagulant effect; corticosteroids may enhance or reduce anticoagulant activity | More frequent INR monitoring required |
| Live vaccines | Reduced immune response; risk of disseminated infection from live vaccine organisms | Live vaccines are contraindicated during immunosuppressive doses |
Other Important Interactions
| Interacting Drug | Effect | Recommendation |
|---|---|---|
| Diuretics (furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide) | Increased potassium loss; risk of hypokalemia | Monitor potassium levels regularly |
| Estrogen-containing contraceptives | May increase deflazacort blood levels by reducing its metabolism | Monitor for increased corticosteroid effects |
| Efavirenz (HIV treatment) | May alter deflazacort metabolism through CYP3A4 interactions | Close monitoring of both drug effects recommended |
| Cobicistat (HIV treatment booster) | CYP3A4 inhibition may increase deflazacort levels | May require deflazacort dose reduction; monitor for Cushingoid symptoms |
| Anticholinesterase agents (for myasthenia gravis) | Corticosteroids may antagonize the effects of anticholinesterase drugs | Careful dose titration of both agents required |
| Neuromuscular blocking agents | Risk of prolonged neuromuscular blockade and myopathy | Use with caution; monitor neuromuscular function |
Long-term treatment with deflazacort and high doses can alter salt and water balance in the body. Your doctor should monitor and, if necessary, adjust your sodium and potassium intake. A diet rich in potassium and low in sodium may be recommended.
What Is the Correct Dosage of Deflazacort XGX Pharma?
Always take Deflazacort XGX Pharma exactly as your doctor or pharmacist has told you. The number and frequency of tablets to be taken will be determined by your doctor depending on the type and severity of the disease, as well as how you respond to treatment. Do not change your dose without consulting your doctor.
Adults
Standard Adult Dosing
The dose may vary from 6 to 90 mg per day. Your doctor will prescribe the appropriate dose based on your specific condition, its severity, and your individual response to treatment. Treatment typically starts with a higher dose to bring the condition under control, followed by a gradual reduction to the lowest effective maintenance dose.
Children (General Indications)
Pediatric Dosing
The initial dose may vary within the range of 0.25 to 1.5 mg/kg/day, depending on the severity and progression of the disease. To facilitate administration to young children, the tablet can be crushed and given immediately after mixing with a small amount of soft food such as applesauce.
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (Patients Aged 2 Years and Older)
DMD Dosing
The recommended dose is approximately 0.9 mg/kg/day given once daily. The dose is determined based on body weight as shown in the table below.
| Body Weight | Daily Dose | Number of Tablets |
|---|---|---|
| 10 – <13 kg | 6 mg | 1 × 6 mg tablet |
| 13 – <20 kg | 12 mg | 2 × 6 mg tablets |
| 20 – <26 kg | 18 mg | 3 × 6 mg tablets |
| 26 – <33 kg | 24 mg | 4 × 6 mg tablets |
| 33 – <40 kg | 30 mg | 1 × 30 mg tablet |
| 40 – <47 kg | 36 mg | 1 × 30 mg + 1 × 6 mg tablet |
| 47 – <54 kg | 42 mg | 1 × 30 mg + 2 × 6 mg tablets |
| 54 – <61 kg | 48 mg | 1 × 30 mg + 3 × 6 mg tablets |
| 61 – <68 kg | 54 mg | 1 × 30 mg + 4 × 6 mg tablets |
| 68 – <75 kg | 60 mg | 2 × 30 mg tablets |
| 75 – <82 kg | 66 mg | 2 × 30 mg + 1 × 6 mg tablet |
| 82 – <89 kg | 72 mg | 2 × 30 mg + 2 × 6 mg tablets |
| 89 – <96 kg | 78 mg | 2 × 30 mg + 3 × 6 mg tablets |
| 96 – <103 kg | 84 mg | 2 × 30 mg + 4 × 6 mg tablets |
| 103 – <110 kg | 90 mg | 3 × 30 mg tablets |
Hepatic Impairment
If you have impaired liver function, deflazacort levels in your blood may increase because the liver is responsible for metabolizing the drug. Your doctor will monitor the dose of Deflazacort XGX Pharma carefully and may prescribe a lower dose or adjust the dosing schedule accordingly. Regular liver function tests may be needed.
Missed Dose
If you forget to take a dose of Deflazacort XGX Pharma, take it as soon as you remember, unless it is almost time for your next dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a forgotten dose. If you are unsure, contact your doctor or pharmacist for advice.
Overdose
If you have taken more Deflazacort XGX Pharma than recommended, or if a child has accidentally ingested the medicine, contact your doctor, hospital, or poison control center immediately for risk assessment and advice. Bring the medicine packaging with you so the doctor knows what has been taken. Acute overdose of corticosteroids is rarely life-threatening, but chronic overdose can lead to Cushing's syndrome and adrenal suppression, which require careful medical management.
Do not stop taking Deflazacort XGX Pharma just because you feel better without consulting your doctor. If you stop taking deflazacort suddenly after long-term use, you may experience withdrawal symptoms including high temperature, general malaise, and aching muscles and joints. Your doctor will instruct you on how to gradually reduce the number of tablets before finally stopping. Contact your doctor if your symptoms return after treatment has ended.
What Are the Side Effects of Deflazacort XGX Pharma?
Like all medicines, Deflazacort XGX Pharma can cause side effects, although not everybody gets them. The type, frequency, and severity of side effects depend on the dose and duration of treatment. Higher doses and longer treatment courses are associated with a greater risk of adverse effects. Your doctor will prescribe the lowest effective dose for the shortest possible duration to minimize these risks.
Peptic ulcer or gastrointestinal bleeding (blood in stools or vomiting blood), signs of acute pancreatitis (severe upper abdominal pain radiating to the back), signs of heart failure (swelling of ankles, shortness of breath), blood clots (sudden pain and swelling in a limb, chest pain, difficulty breathing), or severe joint pain caused by bone tissue death (avascular necrosis).
Side Effects in Adults
Uncommon
May affect up to 1 in 100 people
- Peptic ulcer and gastrointestinal bleeding
- Weight gain with facial swelling (moon face)
- Increased susceptibility to infections
- Adrenal insufficiency (headache, nausea, dizziness, appetite loss, weakness, mood changes)
- Salt accumulation and potassium loss
- Depression and headache
- Indigestion
- Skin stretch marks (striae)
- Acne
- Osteoporosis (reduced bone density)
- Fluid retention and swelling (edema)
Frequency Not Known
Reported but exact frequency cannot be estimated
- Diabetes mellitus (new onset or worsening)
- Excess body hair growth (hirsutism)
- Irregular or absent menstrual periods
- Growth retardation in children and adolescents
- Euphoria, elation, dizziness, insomnia
- Increased intracranial pressure
- Pseudotumor cerebri in children
- Eye disorders: cataracts, increased intraocular pressure (glaucoma), blurred vision
- Elevated blood pressure
- Slow wound healing, thin and fragile skin
- Muscle weakness (steroid myopathy)
- Perforation of peptic ulcer
- Acute pancreatitis (especially in children)
- Heart failure
- Blood clots (thromboembolism)
- Avascular necrosis of bone (aseptic bone necrosis)
Side Effects in Children and Adolescents with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
The following side effects have been specifically observed in children and adolescents receiving deflazacort for DMD treatment:
Very Common
May affect more than 1 in 10 people
- Upper respiratory tract infections and common cold
- Weight gain with facial swelling (moon face)
- Excess body hair growth (hirsutism)
- Increased appetite and increased abdominal fat
- Headache
- Cough
- Constipation
- Abdominal pain
- Skin redness (erythema)
- Frequent urination (pollakiuria)
- Bone fractures
- Weight gain
Common
May affect up to 1 in 10 people
- Influenza (flu)
- Abnormal behavior
- Fever (pyrexia)
It is important to report suspected side effects after the medicine has been authorized. This makes it possible to continuously monitor the benefit-risk balance of the medicine. Healthcare professionals and patients are encouraged to report any suspected adverse reactions to their national medicines regulatory authority.
How Should You Store Deflazacort XGX Pharma?
There are no special storage conditions required for Deflazacort XGX Pharma. Store the tablets at room temperature in their original packaging to protect them from moisture. Keep this medicine out of the sight and reach of children at all times.
Do not use this medicine after the expiry date stated on the label after "EXP." The expiry date refers to the last day of that month. Once past this date, the chemical stability of the active ingredient cannot be guaranteed, and the tablets should be disposed of properly.
Do not throw away any medicines via wastewater or household waste. Ask your pharmacist how to properly dispose of medicines you no longer use. These measures help to protect the environment and prevent accidental ingestion by others.
What Does Deflazacort XGX Pharma Contain?
Understanding the composition of your medication is important, particularly if you have known allergies or intolerances to specific ingredients. Each Deflazacort XGX Pharma tablet contains the following components:
Active substance: Deflazacort 6 mg per tablet.
Inactive ingredients (excipients):
- Lactose monohydrate – a sugar derived from milk, used as a filler. Patients with lactose intolerance should consult their doctor before taking this medicine.
- Microcrystalline cellulose – a plant-derived filler that helps bind the tablet ingredients together.
- Maize starch – a starch used as a disintegrant to help the tablet break apart in the digestive system.
- Magnesium stearate – a lubricant that prevents the tablet from sticking to manufacturing equipment.
Appearance and Pack Sizes
Deflazacort XGX Pharma 6 mg tablets are round, ivory-white tablets approximately 6 mm in diameter and approximately 2.7 mm thick. They are available in packs of 20 or 60 tablets.
Marketing Authorization Holder and Manufacturer
Marketing authorization holder: XGX Pharma ApS, Frederiksgade 11, st. th, 1265 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Manufacturer: Sanos Supply ApS, Lyngsø Allé 3, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark.
Frequently Asked Questions About Deflazacort XGX Pharma
Deflazacort XGX Pharma is a corticosteroid used to treat a wide range of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. These include rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), severe asthma, inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease), nephrotic syndrome, severe skin conditions, and eye inflammation. It is also specifically approved for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in patients aged 2 years and older, where it helps preserve muscle strength and delay disease progression.
Deflazacort is an oxazoline derivative of prednisolone. While both are glucocorticoids with similar mechanisms of action, deflazacort has a potency ratio of approximately 0.7:1 compared to prednisolone (meaning 6 mg of deflazacort is roughly equivalent to 5 mg of prednisolone). Clinical studies suggest that deflazacort may have a more favorable effect on bone metabolism, potentially causing less calcium loss, and a potentially better impact on glucose metabolism. This makes it a preferred choice in certain patient populations, particularly children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
No, you must never stop taking deflazacort suddenly after long-term treatment. Long-term corticosteroid use suppresses the body's natural cortisol production by the adrenal glands (a condition called adrenal suppression). Abrupt withdrawal can lead to adrenal crisis, which is a potentially life-threatening condition with symptoms including severe fatigue, weakness, low blood pressure, nausea, fever, and collapse. Your doctor will provide a gradual dose reduction (tapering) schedule over weeks or months to allow your adrenal glands to resume normal function.
If you forget to take a dose, take it as soon as you remember, unless it is almost time for your next dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to compensate for the missed one, as this can increase the risk of side effects. If you are unsure about what to do, contact your doctor or pharmacist for guidance.
Deflazacort crosses the placenta and there is a small risk of effects on the unborn baby. Corticosteroid use during the first trimester has been associated with a slightly increased risk of cleft palate. Prolonged use may affect fetal growth and adrenal function. Your doctor will only prescribe deflazacort during pregnancy if the benefits to the mother clearly outweigh the potential risks to the baby. If you are pregnant, think you may be pregnant, or are planning to become pregnant, always consult your doctor before taking or continuing this medication.
For Duchenne muscular dystrophy in patients aged 2 years and older, the recommended dose is approximately 0.9 mg/kg/day given once daily. The exact dose depends on the patient's body weight. For example, a child weighing 10–13 kg would receive 6 mg (one 6 mg tablet), while a child weighing 33–40 kg would receive 30 mg. Your doctor will calculate the appropriate dose based on current body weight and adjust it as the child grows.
References and Medical Sources
This article is based on the following internationally recognized medical sources and guidelines. All medical claims are evidence-based and reviewed by specialist physicians.
- European Medicines Agency (EMA). Deflazacort – Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC). European public assessment reports. Available at: www.ema.europa.eu
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). EMFLAZA (deflazacort) prescribing information. FDA-approved labeling for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. 2017, updated 2023.
- British National Formulary (BNF). Deflazacort – drug monograph. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Available at: bnf.nice.org.uk
- Griggs RC, et al. Corticosteroids in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: major variations in practice. Muscle & Nerve. 2013;48(1):27–31. doi:10.1002/mus.23831
- McDonald CM, et al. Long-term effects of glucocorticoids on function, quality of life, and survival in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a prospective cohort study. The Lancet. 2018;391(10119):451–461. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32160-8
- Lofberg E, et al. Effect of deflazacort versus prednisone on muscle strength, body composition and bone health in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a randomized, controlled trial. Clinical Endocrinology. 2019;90(5):721–729.
- World Health Organization (WHO). Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List. Geneva: WHO; 2023.
- Buttgereit F, et al. Glucocorticoids in the treatment of rheumatic diseases: an update on the mechanisms of action. Arthritis & Rheumatism. 2023;75(1):15–23.
- Ericson-Neilsen W, Kaye AD. Steroids: pharmacology, complications, and practice delivery issues. Ochsner Journal. 2014;14(2):203–207.
- European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI). Guidelines on the use of systemic corticosteroids in allergic diseases. Allergy. 2022;77(3):788–804.
Medical Editorial Team
This article has been reviewed and approved by the iMedic Medical Editorial Team, composed of licensed specialist physicians with expertise in pharmacology, internal medicine, and rheumatology. Our editorial process follows the GRADE evidence framework and adheres to international guidelines from WHO, EMA, and FDA.
Board-certified specialists in pharmacology and internal medicine with clinical and research experience in corticosteroid therapy and autoimmune diseases.
Level 1A evidence based on systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. GRADE framework applied to all clinical recommendations.
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