Daktar: Uses, Dosage & Side Effects
A topical imidazole antifungal cream containing miconazole nitrate 2%, used to treat athlete’s foot and other fungal skin infections
Daktar is a topical antifungal cream containing miconazole nitrate 2% as the active ingredient. It belongs to the imidazole class of antifungals and is primarily used to treat athlete’s foot (tinea pedis) in adults and children over 10 years of age. Daktar is available without a prescription for this indication. A doctor may also prescribe Daktar for other superficial fungal skin infections, including ringworm, jock itch, and cutaneous candidiasis. The cream works by disrupting the fungal cell membrane, leading to fungal cell death and resolution of the infection. Daktar is well-tolerated, with most users experiencing no side effects, though minor local irritation may occasionally occur.
Quick Facts: Daktar
Key Takeaways
- Daktar contains miconazole nitrate 2%, a proven imidazole antifungal that destroys dermatophytes and Candida species by disrupting the fungal cell membrane, making it effective for athlete’s foot and other superficial skin infections.
- Apply a thin layer to the affected area twice daily (morning and evening), extending 1–2 cm beyond the visible infection, and continue treatment for at least 1 week after the skin appears healed to prevent recurrence.
- Daktar is available over the counter for athlete’s foot in adults and children over 10 years; use in children under 10 requires a doctor’s prescription, and the cream contains benzoic acid and butylhydroxyanisole which may cause local irritation in sensitive individuals.
- If you take oral anticoagulants such as warfarin, consult a doctor before using Daktar, as even topical miconazole can potentiate the anticoagulant effect and increase bleeding risk—seek medical help immediately if unusual bleeding occurs.
- The typical treatment course for athlete’s foot lasts 2 to 6 weeks; consult a doctor if symptoms do not improve within 7 days, if the infection worsens, or if you experience signs of an allergic reaction such as facial swelling or difficulty breathing.
What Is Daktar and What Is It Used For?
Daktar contains the active substance miconazole nitrate, a synthetic antifungal agent belonging to the imidazole class. Imidazole antifungals have been a cornerstone of dermatological practice for decades, and miconazole was among the first of these agents to be developed for clinical use. Originally introduced in the 1970s, miconazole has since earned a place on the World Health Organization (WHO) Model List of Essential Medicines, underscoring its importance as a safe, effective, and widely accessible antifungal treatment worldwide.
The primary indication for Daktar cream, when purchased without a prescription, is the treatment of athlete’s foot (tinea pedis). Athlete’s foot is one of the most common superficial fungal infections globally, affecting an estimated 15–25% of the population at any given time. The infection is caused by dermatophyte fungi, predominantly Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Epidermophyton floccosum. These organisms thrive in warm, moist environments and colonize the dead keratinized tissue of the skin, nails, and hair. Common symptoms include itching, scaling, redness, cracking between the toes, and in more severe cases, blistering and maceration of the skin.
Beyond athlete’s foot, Daktar may be prescribed by a doctor for other superficial fungal infections of the skin. These include ringworm (tinea corporis), a circular, raised, red rash that can appear anywhere on the body; jock itch (tinea cruris), which affects the groin and inner thighs; and cutaneous candidiasis, a yeast infection of the skin caused by Candida species that typically affects moist skin folds such as the armpits, groin, and under the breasts. Miconazole is effective against both dermatophytes and Candida species, giving it a broad spectrum of activity for superficial mycoses.
Miconazole nitrate exerts its antifungal effect by inhibiting the biosynthesis of ergosterol, a critical structural component of the fungal cell membrane. Ergosterol serves a function in fungi analogous to cholesterol in human cells: it maintains cell membrane integrity, fluidity, and permeability. Miconazole specifically inhibits the enzyme lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase (also known as CYP51), a cytochrome P450-dependent enzyme that catalyzes a key step in the conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol. When ergosterol synthesis is blocked, the fungal cell membrane becomes structurally compromised, leading to increased permeability, leakage of intracellular contents, and ultimately cell death. At fungicidal concentrations, miconazole also interacts directly with fungal cell membrane lipids, further disrupting membrane integrity.
In addition to its antifungal properties, miconazole has demonstrated some antibacterial activity against certain gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species. This dual activity can be clinically useful, as superficial fungal infections are sometimes complicated by secondary bacterial infections. However, Daktar is not intended for use as an antibacterial agent and should not be used to treat bacterial skin infections alone.
Miconazole is included on the World Health Organization (WHO) Model List of Essential Medicines, recognizing it as one of the most efficacious, safe, and cost-effective medicines for treating fungal skin infections. This listing supports global access to this important antifungal therapy, particularly in resource-limited settings where fungal skin infections are highly prevalent.
What Should You Know Before Using Daktar?
Contraindications
There are specific situations in which Daktar cream should not be used. Understanding these contraindications is important before starting treatment to avoid potentially harmful reactions.
- Hypersensitivity: Do not use Daktar if you are allergic to miconazole nitrate, to other imidazole antifungal agents (such as clotrimazole, econazole, or ketoconazole), or to any of the other ingredients in the cream (listed under “What Does Daktar Contain?”). Allergic reactions can range from mild skin irritation to severe hypersensitivity responses.
- Known allergy to excipients: The cream contains benzoic acid (E210) and butylhydroxyanisole (E320). Benzoic acid may cause local skin irritation and can increase the risk of jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes) in newborns up to 4 weeks of age. Butylhydroxyanisole may cause local skin reactions such as contact dermatitis and can be irritating to eyes and mucous membranes.
Warnings and Precautions
Before and during treatment with Daktar, be aware of the following precautions to ensure safe and effective use of the medication.
If you are taking oral anticoagulants (blood-thinning medications) such as warfarin, acenocoumarol, or phenprocoumon, stop using Daktar immediately and consult a doctor or pharmacist if you experience unexpected bleeding or bruising, nosebleeds, coughing up blood, blood in urine, black tarry stools, or coffee-ground-like vomiting. Even though Daktar is applied to the skin, miconazole can potentiate the effect of these medications and increase your International Normalized Ratio (INR), raising the risk of serious bleeding events. Close INR monitoring is required under healthcare supervision if concurrent use is necessary.
- Avoid eye contact: Daktar cream is for external use only. Avoid getting the cream in your eyes. Wash your hands thoroughly after each application. If you have been prescribed Daktar for a fungal infection on your hands, do not wash your hands immediately after application to allow the cream to work.
- Skin irritation: If you notice increased redness, burning, itching, or irritation at the application site after applying Daktar, this may indicate hypersensitivity to the cream. Discontinue use and consult a healthcare provider. Such reactions are uncommon but should not be ignored, as they may indicate contact dermatitis.
- Treatment failure: If your symptoms do not improve within 7 days of starting treatment, or if they worsen at any time, consult a doctor. The infection may be caused by an organism not susceptible to miconazole, or there may be an alternative diagnosis. Persistent or recurrent fungal infections may warrant further investigation, including mycological culture to identify the causative organism.
- Hygiene measures: To prevent re-infection and transmission, use a separate towel for the infected area, change socks daily if treating athlete’s foot, wear breathable footwear, and avoid walking barefoot in communal showers or swimming pools. These measures are essential to complement pharmacological treatment and prevent recurrence.
Children
Daktar cream can be used without a prescription for athlete’s foot in adults and children aged 10 years and older. For children under 10 years of age, the cream should only be used under medical supervision and with a doctor’s prescription. This restriction exists because athlete’s foot is uncommon in young children, and the presence of a fungal foot infection in a young child may warrant medical evaluation to rule out other conditions.
Parents and caregivers should also be aware that the cream contains benzoic acid, which can cause local irritation and may increase the risk of jaundice in newborns (up to 4 weeks of age). Daktar should not be applied to neonatal skin without explicit medical guidance. The excipient butylhydroxyanisole may also cause local skin reactions such as contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals.
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
If you are pregnant, think you may be pregnant, are planning to become pregnant, or are breastfeeding, consult a doctor or pharmacist before using Daktar. When applied to the skin, only a very small amount of miconazole is absorbed into the bloodstream, resulting in minimal systemic exposure. However, no adequately controlled clinical studies have been conducted in pregnant women. Based on the very low systemic absorption from topical use and the extensive clinical experience with miconazole over several decades, the risk to the fetus is considered very low, but a healthcare provider should assess the benefit-to-risk ratio on an individual basis.
It is not currently known whether miconazole applied topically is excreted in human breast milk. Given the minimal systemic absorption from topical application, the amount that could potentially reach breast milk is expected to be negligible. Nevertheless, as a precautionary measure, consult a healthcare provider before using Daktar while breastfeeding. If Daktar is applied to the breast area, ensure it is thoroughly cleaned before breastfeeding to prevent direct exposure of the infant to the cream.
Driving and Operating Machinery
Daktar cream has no known effects on the ability to drive or operate machinery. The medication is applied topically and has minimal systemic absorption, so it does not affect alertness, cognitive function, or motor coordination. You may continue all normal activities, including driving and operating machinery, while using Daktar.
How Does Daktar Interact with Other Drugs?
Although Daktar is a topical cream with minimal systemic absorption, drug interactions can still occur because a small amount of miconazole does enter the bloodstream through the skin. Miconazole is a potent inhibitor of cytochrome P450 enzymes, particularly CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4. These enzymes are responsible for metabolizing many commonly used medications. Even the small quantities of miconazole absorbed through the skin can be sufficient to affect the metabolism of certain drugs, most notably oral anticoagulants.
The interaction between topical miconazole and warfarin has been documented in multiple case reports and pharmacovigilance databases. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) and national regulatory authorities have issued advisories regarding this interaction. Miconazole inhibits CYP2C9, the primary enzyme responsible for metabolizing the more potent S-enantiomer of warfarin, leading to elevated warfarin plasma concentrations and an increased INR. This can result in clinically significant bleeding, which in some reported cases has been severe or life-threatening.
Clinically Significant Interactions
| Interacting Drug | Effect | Clinical Significance |
|---|---|---|
| Warfarin (oral anticoagulant) | Increased anticoagulant effect via CYP2C9 inhibition; elevated INR; increased bleeding risk | Monitor INR closely; stop Daktar if unusual bleeding occurs |
| Acenocoumarol (oral anticoagulant) | Enhanced anticoagulant activity; risk of hemorrhage | Same precautions as warfarin; close INR monitoring required |
| Phenprocoumon (oral anticoagulant) | Potentiation of anticoagulant effect; increased bleeding tendency | Avoid concurrent use or monitor INR under medical supervision |
| Phenytoin (antiepileptic) | Possible increase in phenytoin plasma levels via CYP2C9 inhibition | Low risk with topical use; monitor if using on large skin areas |
| Oral hypoglycemics (sulfonylureas) | Possible enhanced hypoglycemic effect via CYP2C9 inhibition | Low risk with topical use; be aware of hypoglycemia signs |
Low-Risk Interactions
Because topical application results in very limited systemic absorption, the risk of interactions with most other medications is low. However, applying Daktar to large areas of damaged or inflamed skin may increase absorption. In such cases, the potential for drug interactions increases accordingly. Always inform your doctor or pharmacist about all medications you are currently taking, including prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, and herbal supplements.
Topical miconazole does not interact with most common medications such as antibiotics, analgesics (painkillers), antihypertensives (blood pressure medications), or statins (cholesterol-lowering drugs) when used as directed on intact skin over a limited area. No interactions with food or alcohol have been reported with topical miconazole.
Even though Daktar is available without a prescription, always tell your pharmacist or doctor about all other medications you are using. This is especially important if you take blood-thinning medications (anticoagulants), epilepsy medications, or diabetes medications. A healthcare professional can assess whether Daktar is safe for you to use alongside your other treatments.
What Is the Correct Dosage of Daktar?
Always use Daktar exactly as described in the patient information leaflet or as directed by your doctor or pharmacist. If you are unsure about the correct application technique or treatment duration, consult a healthcare professional for guidance. Proper application is essential for achieving the best treatment outcomes and preventing recurrence.
Adults and Children Over 10 Years
Standard Dosage for Athlete’s Foot
Application: Apply a thin layer of cream to the affected area twice daily (morning and evening)
Preparation: Wash and dry the feet thoroughly before each application. Use a separate towel for the infected area to prevent spreading the infection to other body parts or other people.
Technique: Apply the cream to the infected skin and extend it 1–2 centimeters beyond the visible edge of the infection. Massage gently until the cream is fully absorbed. Wash your hands thoroughly after each application.
Duration: 2 to 6 weeks. Continue treatment for at least 1 week after the skin appears completely healed and symptoms have resolved. This extended treatment is essential to eliminate residual fungal organisms and prevent relapse.
Hygiene: Change socks daily. Wear breathable, well-fitting shoes. Avoid sharing towels, shoes, or socks with others.
Other Fungal Skin Infections (Doctor Prescribed)
Application: Apply a thin layer of cream to the affected area twice daily
Duration: As directed by your doctor, typically 2–6 weeks depending on the type and severity of infection
Note: For infections in skin folds (cutaneous candidiasis), ensure the area is clean and dry before application. Avoid occlusive dressings unless specifically instructed by your doctor.
Children Under 10 Years
Daktar cream should not be used in children under 10 years of age without a doctor’s prescription. If your doctor prescribes Daktar for a child under 10, follow the dosage and application instructions provided by the prescribing physician. Athlete’s foot is uncommon in pre-pubescent children, and the presence of a fungal foot infection in a young child warrants medical evaluation to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other skin conditions that may mimic fungal infection.
Elderly Patients
No dose adjustment is required for elderly patients. Apply Daktar as directed above. Elderly patients may have thinner or more fragile skin, which could increase local sensitivity. If irritation occurs, consult a healthcare provider. Elderly patients taking anticoagulants should be particularly vigilant about the potential interaction between topical miconazole and warfarin, and should have their INR monitored if concurrent use is deemed necessary.
Missed Dose
If you forget to apply Daktar at the scheduled time, apply it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next application, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not apply a double dose to make up for a missed application. Consistency is important for treatment success, so try to apply the cream at roughly the same times each day to establish a routine.
Overdose
If too much cream is applied to the skin, the area may become irritated. These symptoms typically resolve once the excess cream is removed and treatment is temporarily discontinued. There is no specific antidote for topical miconazole overdose, but symptomatic treatment of any local irritation is usually sufficient.
If the cream is accidentally ingested (for example, by a child), contact a doctor, hospital, or poison control center immediately for assessment and advice. Accidental ingestion of a small amount of the cream is unlikely to cause serious harm, but medical evaluation is recommended as a precaution.
For optimal effectiveness, ensure the affected skin is clean and completely dry before applying Daktar. Apply the cream in a thin, even layer — using too much does not improve efficacy and may increase the risk of local irritation. Allow the cream to absorb fully before putting on socks or shoes. Wearing clean cotton socks helps absorb moisture and creates a less favorable environment for fungal growth.
What Are the Side Effects of Daktar?
Like all medicines, Daktar cream can cause side effects, although not everyone gets them. Most side effects associated with topical miconazole are local reactions at the application site and are mild and self-limiting. Systemic side effects are extremely rare because of the minimal absorption of miconazole through the skin. The following side effects have been reported with the use of Daktar cream, organized by frequency of occurrence.
Stop using Daktar and contact a doctor immediately if you experience any of the following symptoms, which may indicate angioedema (a serious allergic reaction): swelling of the face, tongue, or throat; difficulty swallowing; hives (urticaria) with breathing difficulties. These reactions have been reported in an unknown number of users and require urgent medical treatment.
Uncommon Side Effects
May affect up to 1 in 100 users
- Burning sensation at the application site
- Skin inflammation (dermatitis) at the application site
- Decreased skin pigmentation (hypopigmentation) at the application site
- Irritation at the application site
- Warmth or heat sensation at the application site
- Itching (pruritus) at the application site
- Unspecified application site reactions
Not Known
Frequency cannot be estimated from available data
- Anaphylactic reaction (severe, life-threatening allergic reaction)
- Hypersensitivity (generalized allergic response)
- Angioedema (swelling of face, lips, tongue, or throat)
- Urticaria (hives)
- Contact allergic dermatitis
- Skin rash (exanthema)
- Erythema (redness of the skin)
- Pruritus (itching beyond the application site)
If you experience any side effects not listed above, or if any of the listed side effects become severe or persist despite discontinuing the cream, consult your doctor or pharmacist. Reporting suspected side effects after a medicine has been authorized is important, as it allows ongoing monitoring of the medicine’s benefit-risk balance. You can report suspected side effects to your national medicines regulatory authority.
In clinical practice, the vast majority of patients using Daktar cream for athlete’s foot experience no adverse effects at all. Mild burning or stinging upon initial application is the most commonly reported complaint and usually diminishes with continued use. If the burning or irritation worsens rather than improves, this may suggest an allergic reaction to one of the cream’s components rather than the expected transient irritation, and treatment should be discontinued.
Hypopigmentation (lightening of the skin) at the application site has been reported uncommonly. This effect is generally temporary and resolves after the cream is discontinued. It is more noticeable in individuals with darker skin tones. If significant pigmentation changes occur, consult a dermatologist for evaluation.
How Should You Store Daktar?
Proper storage of Daktar cream is essential to maintain its potency and safety throughout the shelf life of the product. The active ingredient miconazole nitrate is stable under normal storage conditions, but exposure to excessive heat, direct sunlight, or moisture can degrade the formulation and reduce its effectiveness.
- Temperature: Store at or below 25°C (77°F). Do not freeze the cream. Avoid storing the tube in locations subject to temperature extremes, such as in a car during summer or near a radiator.
- Container: Keep the tube tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination and drying out of the cream.
- Children: Keep Daktar out of the sight and reach of children. Accidental ingestion, while unlikely to cause serious harm, warrants medical assessment.
- Expiration date: Do not use Daktar after the expiration date stated on the carton and tube (marked “EXP”). The expiration date refers to the last day of the stated month.
- Disposal: Do not dispose of medicines via wastewater or household waste. Return unused or expired medicines to your local pharmacy for safe disposal. These measures help protect the environment.
Once opened, the cream should be used within the indicated shelf life. If you notice any change in the appearance, color, or consistency of the cream, or if it develops an unusual odor, do not use it. These changes may indicate degradation of the product.
What Does Daktar Contain?
Active Ingredient
The active substance in Daktar is miconazole nitrate, present at a concentration of 20 mg per gram of cream (equivalent to 2% w/w). Miconazole nitrate is the nitrate salt form of miconazole, a synthetic imidazole antifungal agent. The nitrate salt form enhances the stability and skin penetration of the drug compared to the free base. Miconazole nitrate has a molecular weight of 479.14 g/mol and appears as a white to off-white crystalline powder that is practically insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents.
Inactive Ingredients (Excipients)
| Ingredient | Function | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Pegoxol 7 stearate | Emulsifier; helps create a stable cream formulation | Non-ionic surfactant, generally well tolerated |
| Oleoyl macrogolglycerides | Emollient and emulsifier; improves skin penetration | Enhances delivery of miconazole into the skin |
| Liquid paraffin | Emollient; provides a moisturizing base | Creates a protective barrier on the skin surface |
| Benzoic acid (E210) | Preservative; prevents microbial contamination | 2 mg per gram of cream. May cause local irritation. May increase jaundice risk in newborns up to 4 weeks old. |
| Butylhydroxyanisole (E320) | Antioxidant; prevents degradation of the formulation | May cause local skin reactions (contact dermatitis) and may be irritating to eyes and mucous membranes |
| Purified water | Vehicle; forms the aqueous phase of the cream | Standard pharmaceutical-grade water |
Product Appearance and Packaging
Daktar is a white, smooth cream with a uniform consistency. It is available in aluminum tubes containing 30 grams of cream. The tube is supplied in a cardboard carton together with the patient information leaflet. Always check the integrity of the tube seal before first use. If the tube appears damaged or the seal is broken upon purchase, return it to the pharmacy for replacement.
Frequently Asked Questions About Daktar
Daktar is a brand name for a topical cream containing miconazole nitrate 2%. Other brands containing the same active ingredient at the same concentration (such as Daktarin, Monistat Derm, or generic miconazole cream) are therapeutically equivalent. The antifungal effect is the same regardless of brand, as the active ingredient and its concentration are identical. Differences between brands may exist in the inactive ingredients (excipients), which can affect the texture, absorption, and risk of local skin reactions. If you have known sensitivities to specific excipients, compare the ingredient lists of different brands before purchase.
No, Daktar cream (miconazole nitrate 2% topical cream) is formulated specifically for use on external skin surfaces. It should not be used intravaginally. For vaginal yeast infections (vulvovaginal candidiasis), specific miconazole formulations are available, such as vaginal cream or vaginal suppositories (pessaries) that are designed for intravaginal use. These products have different formulations, concentrations, and applicators appropriate for vaginal application. If you suspect a vaginal yeast infection, consult your pharmacist or doctor for the appropriate product.
Many people notice improvement in symptoms such as itching and redness within the first few days of treatment. However, visible improvement in the skin condition (reduction in scaling, redness, and cracking) typically takes 1 to 2 weeks of consistent twice-daily application. Complete clearance of the infection usually requires 2 to 6 weeks of treatment. It is crucial to continue treatment for at least 1 week after the skin appears completely healed, as fungal organisms may still be present in the skin even when symptoms have resolved. Stopping treatment too early is the most common reason for recurrence of fungal skin infections.
Daktar cream can be used on skin in the groin area (for jock itch/tinea cruris) when prescribed by a doctor. However, it should not be applied to mucous membranes, inside the mouth, or intravaginally. Avoid contact with the eyes. For facial fungal infections, consult a doctor before applying miconazole cream, as the facial skin is more sensitive and may be more prone to irritation from the cream’s excipients. A healthcare provider can confirm the diagnosis and recommend the most appropriate treatment for the affected area.
Recurrent athlete’s foot is common and usually results from incomplete treatment, re-infection from contaminated surfaces, or predisposing factors. To reduce the risk of recurrence: (1) Always complete the full course of treatment, continuing for at least 1 week after symptoms resolve. (2) Keep feet clean and completely dry, especially between the toes. (3) Change socks daily, preferably wearing cotton or moisture-wicking materials. (4) Wear breathable footwear and avoid tight, non-breathable shoes. (5) Use antifungal foot powder in shoes. (6) Wear sandals or flip-flops in communal showers, locker rooms, and swimming pools. (7) Do not share towels, shoes, or socks. If despite these measures the infection frequently returns, consult a doctor, as oral antifungal treatment may be necessary, or there may be an underlying condition predisposing you to fungal infections.
Generally, it is best to avoid applying other topical medications to the same area being treated with Daktar unless specifically advised by your doctor. Applying multiple products to the same skin area can alter the absorption of the active ingredients, reduce effectiveness, or increase the risk of skin irritation. If you need to use another topical product (such as a moisturizer or corticosteroid cream), ask your pharmacist or doctor about the appropriate order and timing of application. Typically, it is advisable to wait at least 30 minutes between applications of different topical products to allow each one to be absorbed properly.
References
- World Health Organization (WHO). WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023). Geneva: World Health Organization; 2023. Miconazole listed under Section 13: Dermatological medicines (antifungal).
- European Medicines Agency (EMA). Assessment Report: Miconazole-containing Medicinal Products for Cutaneous Use. EMA/CHMP/2024. Summary assessment of safety and efficacy of topical miconazole formulations.
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Clinical Knowledge Summary: Fungal Skin Infection – Foot. Last revised 2024. Evidence-based management of tinea pedis in primary care.
- British Association of Dermatologists (BAD). Patient Information Leaflet: Fungal Infections of the Skin. 2024. Diagnosis and management guidelines for superficial dermatophyte infections.
- Gupta AK, Daigle D, Foley KA. Drug safety of topical antifungal agents for superficial mycoses: a systematic review. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2015;14(3):375–393. doi:10.1517/14740338.2015.1009036.
- Sawyer PR, Brogden RN, Pinder RM, et al. Miconazole: a review of its antifungal activity and therapeutic efficacy. Drugs. 1975;9(6):406–423. doi:10.2165/00003495-197509060-00002.
- Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). Drug Safety Update: Miconazole (including topical formulations) – interaction with warfarin. 2016. Advisory on INR monitoring with concurrent topical miconazole and warfarin use.
- Meunier F, Aoun M, Bitar N. Candidemia in immunocompromised patients. Clin Infect Dis. 1992;14(Suppl 1):S120–S125. Background on Candida infections and susceptibility to azole antifungals.
- Havlickova B, Czaika VA, Friedrich M. Epidemiological trends in skin mycoses worldwide. Mycoses. 2008;51(Suppl 4):2–15. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0507.2008.01606.x. Global prevalence data for dermatophyte infections.
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). OTC Monograph: Topical Antifungal Drug Products for OTC Human Use. 21 CFR Part 333. Regulatory framework for over-the-counter miconazole products.
Editorial Team
Medical Content
iMedic Medical Editorial Team – Specialists in Dermatology, Mycology, and Clinical Pharmacology
Medical Review
iMedic Medical Review Board – Independent panel of medical experts reviewing all content according to international guidelines (WHO, EMA, FDA, BAD, NICE)
Evidence Standard
Level 1A evidence based on systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, and international clinical practice guidelines (GRADE framework)
Independence
No commercial funding. No pharmaceutical sponsorship. Independent medical editorial content free from industry influence.
Last reviewed: | Originally published: | Next review due: