CellCept: Uses, Dosage & Side Effects
An immunosuppressant medication used to prevent organ rejection after kidney, heart, or liver transplant, given in combination with ciclosporin and corticosteroids
CellCept (mycophenolate mofetil) is a prescription immunosuppressant medication that prevents the body from rejecting a transplanted organ. It is approved for use after kidney, heart, and liver transplantation in adults and children, always in combination with ciclosporin and corticosteroids. Mycophenolate mofetil works by selectively inhibiting the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes, the immune cells primarily responsible for organ rejection. This guide provides comprehensive information on dosage, side effects, drug interactions, and important safety warnings.
Quick Facts
Key Takeaways
- CellCept is used to prevent organ rejection after kidney, heart, or liver transplant and must be taken continuously as prescribed.
- It is always used in combination with ciclosporin and corticosteroids — never as a standalone immunosuppressant.
- Mycophenolate causes serious birth defects and miscarriage; effective contraception is mandatory for women of childbearing potential.
- Common side effects include diarrhoea, infections, and reduced blood cell counts — regular blood monitoring is essential.
- Long-term immunosuppression increases the risk of infections and certain cancers; sun protection and infection vigilance are critical.
What Is CellCept and What Is It Used For?
CellCept contains the active substance mycophenolate mofetil, which belongs to a class of medications known as immunosuppressants. These medicines work by reducing the activity of the immune system, which is essential in organ transplant recipients to prevent the body from recognising the new organ as foreign and mounting an immune attack against it. Without immunosuppressive therapy, the body would reject the transplanted organ, leading to organ failure and potentially life-threatening complications.
Mycophenolate mofetil is a prodrug that is rapidly converted in the body to its active form, mycophenolic acid (MPA). MPA selectively and reversibly inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), a key enzyme in the de novo synthesis of guanosine nucleotides. Since T and B lymphocytes — the immune cells primarily responsible for organ rejection — are uniquely dependent on this pathway (unlike most other cell types, which can use alternative salvage pathways), mycophenolate exerts a potent and relatively selective antiproliferative effect on these cells.
CellCept has been approved for use worldwide and is one of the most widely prescribed immunosuppressive agents in solid organ transplantation. It was first approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1995 for kidney transplant rejection prophylaxis and subsequently received approval for heart and liver transplant indications. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) has similarly authorised CellCept across the European Union. According to the KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) clinical practice guidelines, mycophenolate mofetil is recommended as a first-line antiproliferative agent in kidney transplant recipients.
Approved Indications
CellCept is indicated for the prophylaxis of acute transplant rejection in adults and children receiving:
- Kidney (renal) transplant — the most common solid organ transplant worldwide, with mycophenolate mofetil considered a cornerstone of maintenance immunosuppression alongside calcineurin inhibitors.
- Heart (cardiac) transplant — where CellCept helps prevent acute cellular rejection, typically initiated within the first few days following surgery.
- Liver (hepatic) transplant — where it contributes to preventing both acute and chronic rejection, supporting long-term graft survival.
In all three indications, CellCept must be used in combination with ciclosporin and corticosteroids. This triple-drug immunosuppressive regimen has been shown in multiple randomised controlled trials to significantly reduce the incidence of acute rejection episodes and improve graft survival rates compared to regimens not including mycophenolate. The specific combination takes advantage of the different mechanisms of action of each drug, providing synergistic immunosuppression while allowing lower doses of individual agents to minimise toxicity.
While not covered in this guide, mycophenolate mofetil is also used off-label in various autoimmune conditions, including lupus nephritis, myasthenia gravis, and certain forms of vasculitis. These uses should only be considered under specialist supervision and are supported by separate clinical evidence.
What Should You Know Before Taking CellCept?
CellCept is a powerful immunosuppressant that requires careful medical supervision. Before starting treatment, your healthcare provider will conduct a thorough assessment of your medical history, current medications, and risk factors. Understanding the contraindications, warnings, and precautions associated with mycophenolate mofetil is essential for safe and effective treatment.
Contraindications
Do not take CellCept if any of the following apply to you:
- Allergy to mycophenolate mofetil, mycophenolic acid, or any excipients — hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis and angioedema have been reported.
- Pregnancy or planning to become pregnant — mycophenolate is a known teratogen that causes a very high rate of miscarriage and severe birth defects.
- Women of childbearing potential without a negative pregnancy test — a confirmed negative test is required before initiating treatment.
- Women not using effective contraception — two reliable forms of contraception must be used during treatment and for 6 weeks after stopping.
- Breastfeeding — mycophenolate passes into breast milk and may cause serious adverse effects in nursing infants.
Mycophenolate causes a very high rate of miscarriage (50%) and severe birth defects (23–27%) in exposed pregnancies. Reported malformations include abnormalities of the ears, eyes, face (cleft lip/palate), fingers, heart, oesophagus, kidneys, and nervous system (such as spina bifida). Women of childbearing potential must use two effective methods of contraception before, during, and for 6 weeks after stopping CellCept. If you become pregnant while taking CellCept, contact your doctor immediately but do not stop taking the medication without medical advice.
Warnings and Precautions
Tell your doctor immediately before starting CellCept if any of the following apply:
- Age over 65 years — elderly patients may have an increased risk of certain adverse events, including viral infections, gastrointestinal bleeding, and pulmonary oedema, compared to younger patients.
- Signs of infection — such as fever, sore throat, unusual fatigue, or persistent cough. Because CellCept suppresses the immune system, even minor infections can become serious.
- Unexplained bruising or bleeding — this may indicate reduced blood cell counts (cytopenias), which require dose adjustment or temporary discontinuation.
- History of digestive problems — particularly peptic ulcer disease or gastrointestinal bleeding, as CellCept can worsen these conditions.
- Hereditary enzyme deficiency — specifically Lesch-Nyhan syndrome or Kelley-Seegmiller syndrome (rare hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase deficiency), as these patients may not respond appropriately to mycophenolate.
CellCept reduces the body's immune defences, which increases the risk of skin cancer. You should limit exposure to sunlight and ultraviolet (UV) light by wearing protective clothing that covers the head, neck, arms, and legs, and by using sunscreen with a high sun protection factor (SPF 30+). Regular skin examinations are recommended, and any new or changing skin lesions should be reported to your doctor promptly.
Use in Children
CellCept is approved for use in children who have received organ transplants. However, children — particularly those under 6 years of age — may be more susceptible than adults to certain side effects, including diarrhoea, vomiting, infections, reduced red and white blood cell counts, and potentially lymphoma or skin cancer. The tablet formulation is only appropriate for children who can swallow solid tablets safely without risk of choking, and dosing must be individually determined by the treating physician based on the child's body surface area.
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
Mycophenolate is classified as a known human teratogen. The teratogenic risk is well-documented through both animal studies and post-marketing surveillance data. In exposed pregnancies, approximately 50% result in miscarriage, and among live births, 23–27% of infants are born with major congenital malformations. These include:
- Ear malformations (external ear abnormalities, anotia/microtia)
- Facial anomalies (cleft lip and/or palate)
- Eye malformations
- Finger and limb abnormalities
- Cardiac defects
- Oesophageal atresia
- Renal malformations
- Nervous system defects (including spina bifida)
For women of childbearing potential: A negative pregnancy test is required before starting treatment. Two effective methods of contraception must be used continuously — before starting CellCept, throughout the entire treatment period, and for 6 weeks after stopping CellCept. If pregnancy is suspected at any point, contact your doctor immediately. Do not stop CellCept on your own — continue taking it until you have consulted your physician.
For male patients: Available data do not indicate an increased risk of malformations or miscarriage if the father takes mycophenolate. However, as a precautionary measure, it is recommended that male patients or their female partners use reliable contraception during treatment and for 90 days after the last dose. Men should not donate sperm during treatment and for 90 days afterwards.
Breastfeeding: CellCept must not be taken while breastfeeding. Small amounts of mycophenolate and its metabolites may pass into breast milk, potentially causing adverse effects in the nursing infant.
Driving and Operating Machinery
CellCept may have a moderate effect on your ability to drive or operate machinery. Side effects such as drowsiness, numbness, or confusion have been reported. If you experience any of these symptoms, do not drive or use tools or machinery until you feel better. Discuss with your doctor or nurse if you have concerns about your ability to perform these activities safely.
How Does CellCept Interact with Other Drugs?
Drug interactions are a critical consideration for transplant recipients taking CellCept, as these patients typically require multiple concomitant medications. Interactions can alter the absorption, metabolism, or elimination of mycophenolate, potentially leading to reduced efficacy (increased rejection risk) or increased toxicity. It is essential to inform your doctor and pharmacist about all medications you are taking, including prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines, and herbal supplements.
Major Interactions
| Drug | Effect | Clinical Significance |
|---|---|---|
| Azathioprine | Both are antiproliferative immunosuppressants acting on purine synthesis; combined use increases risk of severe bone marrow suppression | Do not use together. Concomitant administration has not been studied and is not recommended. |
| Cholestyramine | Interrupts enterohepatic recirculation of mycophenolic acid, reducing AUC by approximately 40% | Avoid concomitant use. If needed, administer CellCept at least 1 hour before or 4–6 hours after cholestyramine. |
| Rifampicin | Induces glucuronidation of mycophenolic acid, reducing MPA exposure by approximately 70% | Significant reduction in CellCept efficacy. Avoid combination; if unavoidable, monitor MPA levels closely and adjust dose. |
| Live vaccines | Immunosuppression may lead to inadequate immune response or risk of infection from live vaccine organisms | Avoid live vaccines during treatment. Inactivated vaccines may be less effective but can be given. Consult your transplant team. |
Minor Interactions
| Drug | Effect | Recommendation |
|---|---|---|
| Antacids (Al/Mg hydroxide) | Reduce absorption of mycophenolate mofetil | Separate administration by at least 2 hours |
| Proton pump inhibitors | May reduce MPA bioavailability by 20–35% by altering gastric pH | Monitor for adequate immunosuppression; dose adjustment may be needed |
| Aciclovir / Valaciclovir | Mutual competition for renal tubular secretion; increased plasma levels of both drugs in renal impairment | Monitor renal function; dose adjustment may be required in renal impairment |
| Phosphate binders | May reduce absorption of mycophenolate in patients with chronic kidney disease | Administer at separate times; monitor MPA levels |
| Telmisartan | May decrease MPA glucuronidation, potentially increasing MPA levels | Monitor for signs of MPA toxicity |
| Isavuconazole | May decrease MPA levels through induction of UGT enzymes | Monitor MPA levels and adjust dose if necessary |
| Certain antibiotics | Antibiotics that disrupt gut flora (e.g., fluoroquinolones, metronidazole) may reduce enterohepatic recirculation of MPA | Monitor immunosuppression levels during antibiotic courses |
You must not donate blood during treatment with CellCept and for at least 6 weeks after treatment ends. Men must not donate sperm during treatment and for at least 90 days after the last dose.
What Is the Correct Dosage of CellCept?
The dosage of CellCept varies depending on the type of organ transplant. Treatment is initiated shortly after transplant surgery and is intended to continue long-term — for as long as you need immunosuppression to prevent rejection of the transplanted organ. Always take CellCept exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Never change the dose or stop taking the medication without consulting your transplant physician first.
Adults
Kidney Transplant — Adults
The first dose is given within 3 days (72 hours) of the transplant operation. The standard daily dose is 2 g (2,000 mg), taken as two separate doses: 1 g (two 500 mg tablets) in the morning and 1 g (two 500 mg tablets) in the evening.
Heart Transplant — Adults
The first dose is given within 5 days of the transplant. The standard daily dose is 3 g (3,000 mg), taken as two separate doses: 1.5 g (three 500 mg tablets) in the morning and 1.5 g (three 500 mg tablets) in the evening.
Liver Transplant — Adults
Oral CellCept is started no earlier than 4 days after the transplant, once the patient is able to swallow tablets. The standard daily dose is 3 g (3,000 mg), taken as two separate doses: 1.5 g in the morning and 1.5 g in the evening.
Children
Dosing in children is calculated based on body surface area (BSA), measured in square metres (m²). The treating physician will determine the most appropriate dose based on the child's height and weight. Tablets are only suitable for children who can swallow solid tablets safely without risk of choking.
Kidney Transplant — Children
The recommended dose is 600 mg/m² twice daily (maximum total daily dose of 2 g). This is the initial and maintenance dose, adjusted based on clinical response and tolerability.
Heart Transplant — Children
The recommended starting dose is 600 mg/m² twice daily. If well tolerated and clinically indicated, the dose may be increased to 900 mg/m² twice daily (maximum total daily dose of 3 g).
Liver Transplant — Children
The recommended starting dose is 600 mg/m² twice daily. If well tolerated, the dose may be increased to 900 mg/m² twice daily (maximum total daily dose of 3 g).
Elderly Patients
The recommended dose for elderly patients (65 years and older) with kidney transplants is the same as for younger adults — 1 g twice daily. For heart and liver transplant recipients, the dose is 1.5 g twice daily. However, elderly patients should be monitored more closely, as they may be at increased risk of adverse events including infections, gastrointestinal bleeding, and pulmonary oedema. Dose adjustments may be necessary based on renal function and clinical response.
Missed Dose
If you forget to take a dose of CellCept, take it as soon as you remember. Then continue taking it at the usual times. Do not take a double dose to compensate for a missed dose. Maintaining consistent blood levels of mycophenolate is important for preventing organ rejection, so try to take your doses at the same times each day.
Overdose
If you take more CellCept than prescribed, or if someone else accidentally takes your medication, seek medical attention immediately or go to the nearest hospital emergency department. Bring the medication packaging with you. Overdose with mycophenolate may result in increased susceptibility to infections and bone marrow suppression (reduced blood cell counts). Treatment is primarily supportive, and haemodialysis is not effective at removing mycophenolic acid due to its high protein binding.
Do not stop taking CellCept unless specifically instructed by your doctor. Abruptly discontinuing immunosuppressive therapy significantly increases the risk of acute organ rejection, which can lead to graft loss and potentially fatal complications. If you are experiencing side effects, discuss them with your transplant team before making any changes to your medication regimen.
Swallow the tablets whole with a glass of water. Do not crush, break, or chew them. Food does not significantly affect the overall exposure to mycophenolate, so tablets can be taken with or without food, but consistent timing is recommended.
What Are the Side Effects of CellCept?
Like all medications, CellCept can cause side effects, although not everyone experiences them. The side effects of CellCept are largely related to its immunosuppressive action — by suppressing the immune system to prevent organ rejection, the medication also reduces the body's ability to fight infections and may increase the risk of certain malignancies. Your doctor will perform regular blood tests to monitor your blood cell counts and detect signs of infection or other complications early.
- Signs of infection: fever, sore throat, persistent cough, unusual fatigue
- Unexpected bruising or bleeding
- Skin rash, swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat with breathing difficulty (signs of a severe allergic reaction such as anaphylaxis or angioedema)
Side Effects by Frequency
Very Common
May affect more than 1 in 10 people
- Diarrhoea
- Leukopenia (low white blood cell count)
- Anaemia (low red blood cell count)
- Infections (bacterial, viral, and fungal) including urinary tract, respiratory, and gastrointestinal infections
- Nausea and vomiting
- Sepsis (blood poisoning)
- Abdominal pain
Common
May affect up to 1 in 10 people
- Thrombocytopenia (low platelet count)
- Headache, dizziness, insomnia
- Hypertension (high blood pressure), tachycardia (increased heart rate)
- Constipation, dyspepsia, flatulence, loss of appetite
- Cough, shortness of breath, pneumonia, bronchitis
- Acne, skin rash, hair loss
- Joint pain, muscle pain
- Tremor, drowsiness, tingling sensations
- Oedema (swelling), fever, fatigue
- Anxiety, depression, mood changes
- Elevated liver enzymes, elevated blood glucose
- Blood in urine
- Weight loss
Uncommon
May affect up to 1 in 100 people
- Pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas)
- Gastrointestinal bleeding, colitis
- Gingival hyperplasia (swelling of the gums)
- Hepatitis, jaundice
- Seizures, muscle twitching
- Herpes zoster (shingles), oral thrush
- Pulmonary fibrosis (lung scarring), bronchiectasis
- Gout, hyperuricaemia
Rare / Not Known Frequency
May affect fewer than 1 in 1,000 people or frequency cannot be estimated
- Lymphoma (cancer of the lymph tissue)
- Skin cancer (melanoma and non-melanoma)
- Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) — a rare and serious brain infection
- BK virus-associated nephropathy — can lead to kidney graft loss
- Pure red cell aplasia (severe reduction in red blood cell production)
- Severe hypogammaglobulinaemia (very low antibody levels)
- Intestinal perforation
Infections
CellCept reduces your body's immune defences, which is necessary to prevent organ rejection but also means your body is less able to fight infections. As a result, you may experience more infections than usual, including infections of the brain, skin, mouth, stomach and intestines, lungs, and urinary tract. Opportunistic infections — infections caused by organisms that would normally be controlled by a healthy immune system — are of particular concern. These can include cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, BK virus infection, herpes simplex virus reactivation, and fungal infections such as candidiasis and aspergillosis.
Cancer Risk
As with all immunosuppressive medications, long-term treatment with CellCept may increase the risk of developing certain cancers. A small number of patients treated with CellCept have developed lymphoproliferative disorders (cancers of the lymph tissue, including lymphoma) and skin cancers. The risk appears to be related to the overall intensity and duration of immunosuppression rather than to any specific individual drug. This is why sun protection measures and regular skin examinations are strongly recommended for all patients on immunosuppressive therapy.
Additional Side Effects in Children
Children, particularly those under 6 years of age, may be more susceptible to certain side effects compared to adults. These include diarrhoea, vomiting, infections, reduced red blood cell counts, reduced white blood cell counts, and potentially lymphoma or skin cancer. Close monitoring is especially important in paediatric patients.
It is important to report suspected side effects after a medicine has been authorised. This helps to continuously monitor the benefit-risk balance of the medicine. Healthcare professionals and patients can report suspected side effects to their national pharmacovigilance authority (e.g., the FDA MedWatch programme in the US, the Yellow Card scheme in the UK, or the EMA in the EU).
How Should You Store CellCept?
Proper storage of CellCept is essential to maintain the medication's effectiveness and safety. Incorrect storage conditions — such as excessive heat, moisture, or light exposure — can degrade the active substance and reduce the therapeutic benefit of the medication.
- Temperature: Store at no more than 30°C (86°F). Do not freeze.
- Packaging: Keep in the original packaging (blister pack) to protect from moisture.
- Children: Store out of the sight and reach of children at all times.
- Expiry date: Do not use CellCept after the expiry date stated on the carton and blister (after "EXP"). The expiry date refers to the last day of that month.
- Disposal: Do not dispose of medicines via household waste or wastewater. Return unused or expired medicines to your pharmacy for proper disposal to help protect the environment.
What Does CellCept Contain?
Understanding the full composition of CellCept is important for identifying potential allergens or excipients that may affect certain patient populations. CellCept is available in two oral formulations: hard capsules (250 mg) and film-coated tablets (500 mg).
Active Substance
Each film-coated tablet contains 500 mg mycophenolate mofetil. Each hard capsule contains 250 mg mycophenolate mofetil.
Excipients (Inactive Ingredients)
CellCept 500 mg Tablets:
- Tablet core: Microcrystalline cellulose, povidone (K-90), croscarmellose sodium, magnesium stearate
- Film coating: Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, titanium dioxide (E171), polyethylene glycol 400, indigo carmine aluminium lake (E132), red iron oxide (E172)
Appearance: CellCept 500 mg tablets are lavender-coloured, convex (curved) tablets with "CellCept 500" debossed on one side and "Roche" on the other. Available in packs of 50 (blister packs of 10) or multipacks of 150 (3 packs of 50) tablets.
CellCept tablets contain less than 1 mmol (23 mg) of sodium per tablet, meaning they are essentially sodium-free. This is relevant for patients on sodium-restricted diets.
Marketing Authorisation Holder and Manufacturer
CellCept is manufactured by Roche Pharma AG, Emil-Barell-Strasse 1, D-79639 Grenzach-Wyhlen, Germany. The marketing authorisation holder in the EU is Roche Registration GmbH, Emil-Barell-Strasse 1, 79639 Grenzach-Wyhlen, Germany. Additional information about CellCept is available on the European Medicines Agency website.
Frequently Asked Questions About CellCept
CellCept (mycophenolate mofetil) is an immunosuppressant medication used to prevent organ rejection in adults and children who have received a kidney, heart, or liver transplant. It works by suppressing the activity of T and B lymphocytes, the immune cells responsible for attacking transplanted organs. CellCept is always used in combination with ciclosporin and corticosteroids as part of a triple immunosuppressive regimen. Treatment is typically started within the first few days after transplant surgery and continued long-term.
No, CellCept must not be taken during pregnancy. Mycophenolate is a known teratogen that causes a very high rate of miscarriage (approximately 50%) and serious birth defects (23–27%) including malformations of the ears, eyes, face, heart, kidneys, and nervous system. Women of childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test before starting treatment and must use two effective methods of contraception during treatment and for 6 weeks after stopping. If pregnancy occurs during treatment, contact your doctor immediately but continue taking the medication until you receive medical advice.
The most common side effects of CellCept (affecting more than 1 in 10 patients) include diarrhoea, reduced white blood cell counts (leukopenia), reduced red blood cell counts (anaemia), increased susceptibility to infections, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Common side effects (affecting up to 1 in 10) include headache, high blood pressure, cough, constipation, skin problems, and joint or muscle pain. Your doctor will perform regular blood tests to monitor for these effects and adjust your treatment if necessary.
Yes, as with all immunosuppressive medications, long-term use of CellCept may increase the risk of developing certain cancers, particularly lymphoma (cancer of the lymph tissue) and skin cancer. This risk is related to the overall intensity and duration of immunosuppression rather than any specific drug alone. To reduce your skin cancer risk, limit sun exposure, wear protective clothing, and use high-factor sunscreen (SPF 30+). Regular skin examinations are recommended, and any new or changing skin lesions should be reported to your doctor promptly.
If you forget to take a dose of CellCept, take it as soon as you remember. Then continue taking your medication at the regular scheduled times. Do not take a double dose to make up for the missed one. Consistent blood levels of mycophenolate are important for preventing organ rejection, so try to take your doses at the same times each day. If you frequently forget doses, consider using a pill organiser or setting phone reminders. Speak to your transplant team if missed doses are a recurring issue.
Yes, CellCept interacts with several important medications. Azathioprine should not be used at the same time due to the risk of severe bone marrow suppression. Cholestyramine significantly reduces CellCept absorption by about 40%. Rifampicin can reduce mycophenolic acid levels by approximately 70%. Antacids and proton pump inhibitors can also decrease CellCept absorption. Live vaccines should be avoided during treatment. Always inform your doctor about all medications you are taking, including over-the-counter products and herbal supplements.
References
- European Medicines Agency (EMA). CellCept — Summary of Product Characteristics. Last updated December 2024. Available from: ema.europa.eu.
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). CellCept (mycophenolate mofetil) — Full Prescribing Information. Revised 2024. Available from: fda.gov.
- Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Transplant Work Group. KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for the Care of Kidney Transplant Recipients. American Journal of Transplantation. 2009;9(Suppl 3):S1–S155. doi:10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009.02834.x.
- Halloran PF. Immunosuppressive drugs for kidney transplantation. New England Journal of Medicine. 2004;351(26):2715–2729. doi:10.1056/NEJMra033540.
- Ekberg H, Tedesco-Silva H, Demirbas A, et al. Reduced exposure to calcineurin inhibitors in renal transplantation. New England Journal of Medicine. 2007;357(25):2562–2575. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa067411.
- International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT). Guidelines for the Care of Heart Transplant Recipients. Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation. 2023.
- World Health Organization (WHO). WHO Model List of Essential Medicines — 23rd List. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2023.
- British National Formulary (BNF). Mycophenolate mofetil. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Available from: bnf.nice.org.uk.
- Staatz CE, Tett SE. Pharmacology and toxicology of mycophenolate in organ transplant recipients: an update. Archives of Toxicology. 2014;88(7):1351–1389. doi:10.1007/s00204-014-1247-1.
- Sifontis NM, et al. Pregnancy outcomes in solid organ transplant recipients with exposure to mycophenolate mofetil or sirolimus. Transplantation. 2006;82(12):1698–1702.
Editorial Team
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iMedic Medical Editorial Team — Specialists in Transplant Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology
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iMedic Medical Review Board — Independent physicians following WHO, EMA, and FDA guidelines
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