Calcichew-D3 Melon: Uses, Dosage & Side Effects
Calcium carbonate 500 mg + Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) 400 IU — Melon-flavored chewable tablet
Quick Facts
Key Takeaways
- Calcichew-D3 Melon combines calcium (500 mg) and vitamin D3 (400 IU) in a single chewable tablet for convenient supplementation.
- It is primarily used to prevent and treat calcium and vitamin D deficiency and as a complement to osteoporosis therapy with bisphosphonates or other bone-protective agents.
- The vitamin D3 component enhances calcium absorption from the gut, making the combination more effective than calcium alone.
- Tablets must be chewed, not swallowed whole, and should ideally be taken with food to maximize absorption.
- Calcium supplements can interact with many medications — always leave at least a 2-hour gap between Calcichew-D3 and antibiotics, thyroid medications, or iron supplements.
What Is Calcichew-D3 Melon and What Is It Used For?
Quick Answer: Calcichew-D3 Melon is a chewable calcium and vitamin D3 supplement used to prevent and treat calcium and vitamin D deficiency. It is commonly prescribed alongside osteoporosis medications to support bone health, particularly in elderly and postmenopausal patients.
Calcichew-D3 Melon contains two active ingredients that work together to maintain healthy bones and support numerous bodily functions. Each melon-flavored chewable tablet delivers 1,250 mg of calcium carbonate (equivalent to 500 mg of elemental calcium) and 10 micrograms (400 International Units) of cholecalciferol, also known as vitamin D3. The combination is specifically formulated to address the interrelated needs for both nutrients, as vitamin D3 is essential for the efficient absorption of calcium from the gastrointestinal tract.
Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the human body, with approximately 99% stored in bones and teeth. It plays critical roles beyond skeletal health, including nerve signal transmission, muscle contraction, blood clotting, and cellular signaling. When dietary calcium intake is insufficient, the body draws calcium from bone reserves, which over time leads to reduced bone density and increased fracture risk. This process accelerates significantly in women following menopause due to the decline in estrogen, which normally helps maintain bone density.
Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is a fat-soluble vitamin that the body can synthesize through skin exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) sunlight. However, many populations — particularly those living at higher latitudes, the elderly, individuals with darker skin, and those who spend limited time outdoors — do not produce sufficient vitamin D3 through sunlight alone. Dietary sources of vitamin D are limited, making supplementation an important strategy for maintaining adequate levels.
Primary Indications
Calcichew-D3 Melon is indicated for several related conditions:
- Prevention and treatment of calcium and vitamin D deficiency — particularly in elderly patients who are at increased risk due to reduced dietary intake, decreased intestinal absorption, and limited sun exposure.
- Adjunct to osteoporosis therapy — prescribed alongside bisphosphonates (such as alendronate or risedronate), denosumab, or other anti-resorptive treatments to ensure adequate calcium and vitamin D status, which is a prerequisite for these therapies to work effectively.
- Osteomalacia and rickets prevention — conditions caused by severe vitamin D deficiency leading to soft, weakened bones in adults (osteomalacia) and children (rickets).
- Postmenopausal bone loss — as part of a comprehensive approach to reduce bone density loss in postmenopausal women.
The International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) and the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis (ESCEO) recommend ensuring adequate calcium and vitamin D intake as a fundamental component of any osteoporosis management strategy. Clinical guidelines consistently emphasize that anti-osteoporosis medications should not be initiated without first addressing any calcium or vitamin D deficiencies.
What Should You Know Before Taking Calcichew-D3 Melon?
Quick Answer: Do not take Calcichew-D3 Melon if you have high blood calcium levels (hypercalcaemia), kidney stones, severe kidney disease, or excessive vitamin D levels. Inform your doctor about all medications you take, as calcium interacts with many common drugs.
Contraindications
Calcichew-D3 Melon should not be used in the following situations:
- Hypercalcaemia — elevated calcium levels in the blood, which can occur in conditions such as primary hyperparathyroidism, certain cancers (particularly those with bone metastases), sarcoidosis, and prolonged immobilization.
- Hypercalciuria — excessive calcium excretion in urine, which increases the risk of kidney stone formation.
- Nephrolithiasis — existing kidney stones, particularly calcium-containing stones (calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate).
- Nephrocalcinosis — calcium deposits in kidney tissue.
- Hypervitaminosis D — excessive vitamin D levels in the blood, which can lead to dangerous hypercalcaemia.
- Severe renal impairment — patients with significantly reduced kidney function (eGFR below 30 mL/min) cannot properly regulate calcium and vitamin D metabolism.
- Hypersensitivity — known allergy to calcium carbonate, cholecalciferol, or any of the excipients in the formulation.
Warnings and Precautions
During long-term treatment with Calcichew-D3 Melon, serum calcium levels and renal function (serum creatinine) should be monitored regularly. This is especially important in elderly patients receiving concurrent treatment with cardiac glycosides (digoxin) or thiazide diuretics, and in patients with a history of kidney stones.
Special care is needed in the following situations:
- Mild to moderate renal impairment — the dose should be carefully adjusted and serum calcium and phosphate levels monitored, as the kidneys play a central role in calcium and vitamin D metabolism. Patients with impaired kidney function have a reduced ability to convert vitamin D to its active form.
- Sarcoidosis — this condition may increase the conversion of vitamin D to its active metabolite, potentially leading to hypercalcaemia. Serum and urinary calcium should be monitored.
- Immobilized patients — those confined to bed rest are at increased risk of hypercalcaemia because bone resorption increases during immobility, releasing calcium into the bloodstream.
- Concurrent calcium supplementation — total daily calcium intake from all sources (supplements plus dietary) should be assessed to avoid exceeding the upper tolerable limit (typically 2,000–2,500 mg/day for adults).
Patients with a history of calcium-containing kidney stones should have their urinary calcium excretion measured before starting treatment. If urinary calcium is elevated, alternative approaches to bone health management may be more appropriate. Adequate fluid intake (at least 2 liters per day) is recommended for all patients taking calcium supplements to reduce the risk of stone formation.
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
Calcichew-D3 Melon may be used during pregnancy and breastfeeding when there is a documented need for calcium and vitamin D supplementation. However, strict adherence to recommended daily limits is essential:
- Pregnancy: The maximum recommended daily intake should not exceed 1,500 mg calcium and 600 IU vitamin D3. Chronic overdose of vitamin D during pregnancy has been associated with hypercalcaemia in the fetus, which may lead to physical and mental development issues. There is no evidence that vitamin D3 at recommended doses is teratogenic in humans.
- Breastfeeding: Both calcium and vitamin D3 are excreted in breast milk. This should be taken into account if the nursing infant is also receiving vitamin D supplementation, to avoid cumulative overdose. At standard doses, Calcichew-D3 Melon is considered compatible with breastfeeding.
WHO guidelines recommend vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy in populations where vitamin D deficiency is prevalent. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommends that all pregnant and breastfeeding women take a daily supplement containing 400 IU (10 mcg) of vitamin D.
How Does Calcichew-D3 Melon Interact with Other Drugs?
Quick Answer: Calcichew-D3 Melon interacts with many common medications. Calcium can reduce the absorption of antibiotics, thyroid hormones, bisphosphonates, and iron supplements. Always separate doses by at least 2 hours. Thiazide diuretics may increase the risk of high calcium levels.
Calcium and vitamin D supplements can interact with a wide range of medications through various mechanisms. The most common interaction involves calcium binding to other drugs in the gastrointestinal tract, forming insoluble complexes that prevent absorption. Understanding these interactions is essential for safe and effective use of Calcichew-D3 Melon alongside other medications.
Major Interactions
| Medication | Type of Interaction | Management |
|---|---|---|
| Cardiac glycosides (digoxin) | Hypercalcaemia increases risk of cardiac arrhythmias and digoxin toxicity | Monitor serum calcium and digoxin levels; ECG monitoring may be required |
| Thiazide diuretics | Reduce renal calcium excretion, increasing risk of hypercalcaemia | Regular monitoring of serum calcium levels |
| Tetracycline antibiotics | Calcium forms insoluble chelates, reducing antibiotic absorption by up to 50% | Take tetracyclines at least 2 hours before or 4–6 hours after calcium |
| Quinolone antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin) | Calcium chelation significantly reduces antibiotic absorption and effectiveness | Take quinolones at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after calcium |
| Levothyroxine | Calcium reduces absorption of thyroid hormone, potentially causing hypothyroidism | Take levothyroxine at least 4 hours before calcium supplements |
Minor Interactions
| Medication | Type of Interaction | Management |
|---|---|---|
| Bisphosphonates (alendronate, risedronate) | Calcium reduces oral bisphosphonate absorption | Take bisphosphonates at least 30 minutes (preferably 2 hours) before calcium |
| Iron supplements | Calcium reduces iron absorption by 30–50% | Separate doses by at least 2 hours; take iron supplements at a different meal |
| Sodium fluoride | Calcium reduces fluoride absorption | Separate doses by at least 3 hours |
| Zinc supplements | Calcium may reduce zinc absorption | Separate doses by at least 2 hours if possible |
| Orlistat (weight-loss medication) | Orlistat can impair vitamin D absorption as it blocks fat absorption | Take Calcichew-D3 at bedtime, at least 2 hours after orlistat |
Patients taking multiple medications should work with their pharmacist to create a medication schedule that minimizes interactions. As a general rule, calcium supplements should be taken at least 2 hours apart from most other medications. For drugs with particularly strong interactions (levothyroxine, quinolone antibiotics), a 4-hour separation is recommended.
A useful strategy is to take Calcichew-D3 Melon with lunch or dinner, while taking interacting medications (such as levothyroxine) first thing in the morning on an empty stomach, and bisphosphonates according to their specific instructions. This approach maximizes both calcium absorption (enhanced by food) and the effectiveness of other medications.
What Is the Correct Dosage of Calcichew-D3 Melon?
Quick Answer: The typical adult dose is one to two Calcichew-D3 Melon tablets daily (500–1,000 mg calcium and 400–800 IU vitamin D3), chewed and taken with food. Dosage is adjusted based on individual calcium and vitamin D status, age, and clinical need.
Dosage recommendations for Calcichew-D3 Melon are based on international guidelines for calcium and vitamin D intake, taking into account the patient's dietary intake, sun exposure, age, and clinical condition. The tablets must be chewed thoroughly before swallowing — they should never be swallowed whole, as this reduces the surface area available for dissolution and impairs calcium absorption.
Adults
Standard Adult Dosage
General supplementation: 1 tablet twice daily (total: 1,000 mg calcium + 800 IU vitamin D3), or as directed by the prescribing physician.
Adjunct to osteoporosis therapy: 1 tablet twice daily, taken with meals. This provides the calcium and vitamin D required for bisphosphonates, denosumab, or other anti-resorptive agents to be effective.
Mild deficiency correction: 1 tablet daily may be sufficient when dietary calcium intake is adequate but supplementation is needed to meet recommended daily intake levels.
The European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis (ESCEO) recommends a total daily calcium intake of 1,000–1,200 mg (from diet and supplements combined) and 800–1,000 IU of vitamin D for adults over 50 years. Individual requirements vary based on dietary assessment — patients with high dairy intake may need less supplementation.
Children
Pediatric Dosage
Calcichew-D3 Melon is generally intended for adult use. In children, the need for calcium and vitamin D supplementation should be assessed individually by a pediatrician. If prescribed for adolescents (typically over 12 years), the usual dose is 1 tablet daily, but this depends on the child's weight, dietary intake, and clinical condition. Each tablet provides 500 mg calcium and 400 IU vitamin D3 — pediatric dosing should be tailored to avoid exceeding age-appropriate upper limits.
Elderly
Dosage for Elderly Patients
The standard adult dose applies. Elderly patients are the primary target population for this supplement. However, renal function should be assessed before starting treatment, as age-related decline in kidney function affects calcium and vitamin D metabolism. In patients with mild renal impairment (eGFR 30–60 mL/min), close monitoring of serum calcium is recommended. In patients with severe renal impairment (eGFR below 30 mL/min), Calcichew-D3 Melon should generally not be used without specialist supervision, as the vitamin D3 form (cholecalciferol) requires renal activation.
| Patient Group | Typical Dose | Calcium/Day | Vitamin D3/Day | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adults (general) | 1–2 tablets daily | 500–1,000 mg | 400–800 IU | Adjust based on dietary calcium intake |
| Osteoporosis adjunct | 2 tablets daily | 1,000 mg | 800 IU | Standard with bisphosphonate therapy |
| Elderly (65+) | 2 tablets daily | 1,000 mg | 800 IU | Monitor renal function; check serum calcium |
| Pregnancy | 1–2 tablets daily | Max 1,500 mg | Max 600 IU | Do not exceed limits; medical supervision required |
| Adolescents (12+) | 1 tablet daily | 500 mg | 400 IU | As prescribed by pediatrician only |
Missed Dose
If you miss a dose of Calcichew-D3 Melon, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not take a double dose to compensate for a missed one. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation works through consistent daily intake over weeks and months, so a single missed dose will not significantly affect the overall outcome. However, regular adherence is important for optimal bone health benefits.
Overdose
Excessive intake of calcium and vitamin D can lead to hypercalcaemia, a potentially serious condition. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, excessive thirst (polydipsia), increased urination (polyuria), constipation, abdominal pain, muscle weakness, fatigue, mental disturbance, and in severe cases, cardiac arrhythmias and kidney damage. Chronic overdose can lead to calcification of blood vessels and organs (including the kidneys), which may be irreversible.
The tolerable upper intake level (UL) for calcium from all sources is 2,500 mg/day for adults aged 19–50 and 2,000 mg/day for adults over 50 (Institute of Medicine/National Academies). For vitamin D, the UL is 4,000 IU/day for adults. If overdose is suspected, treatment involves discontinuing calcium and vitamin D supplementation, rehydration with intravenous fluids, and monitoring of serum calcium, renal function, and cardiac rhythm. In severe cases, loop diuretics (such as furosemide) may be administered to increase urinary calcium excretion.
What Are the Side Effects of Calcichew-D3 Melon?
Quick Answer: The most common side effects are gastrointestinal symptoms such as constipation, flatulence, nausea, and abdominal discomfort. These are usually mild and often resolve with continued use. Uncommon but clinically important side effects include elevated blood calcium (hypercalcaemia) and elevated urinary calcium (hypercalciuria).
Like all medicines, Calcichew-D3 Melon can cause side effects, although not everybody gets them. Most side effects are related to the calcium carbonate component and involve the gastrointestinal system. The vitamin D3 component rarely causes side effects at standard doses. Below is a comprehensive overview of reported side effects categorized by frequency, based on post-marketing surveillance data and clinical trial evidence.
Common
May affect up to 1 in 10 people
- Constipation
- Flatulence (excess gas)
- Nausea
- Abdominal pain or discomfort
- Diarrhea
- Dyspepsia (indigestion)
Uncommon
May affect up to 1 in 100 people
- Hypercalcaemia (elevated blood calcium)
- Hypercalciuria (elevated urinary calcium)
- Bloating
- Skin rash
Rare
May affect up to 1 in 1,000 people
- Pruritus (itching)
- Urticaria (hives)
- Allergic reactions
- Milk-alkali syndrome (with excessive doses)
Very Rare / Post-Marketing Reports
May affect up to 1 in 10,000 people
- Angioedema (severe swelling of face, lips, or throat)
- Anaphylactic reactions
Gastrointestinal side effects are the most commonly reported and are typically mild and self-limiting. Constipation, the most frequent side effect, can often be managed by increasing dietary fiber and fluid intake. If constipation becomes problematic, switching to a different calcium salt (such as calcium citrate, which is less likely to cause constipation) may be considered after consulting with a healthcare provider.
Hypercalcaemia and hypercalciuria are uncommon when Calcichew-D3 Melon is taken at recommended doses but are clinically important because they can lead to kidney stone formation and, in severe cases, renal impairment. Patients on long-term therapy should have periodic monitoring of serum calcium levels and renal function. Symptoms of hypercalcaemia to watch for include persistent nausea, vomiting, excessive thirst, frequent urination, confusion, and muscle weakness. If any of these symptoms develop, patients should stop taking the supplement and contact their doctor promptly.
Milk-alkali syndrome is a rare but serious condition that can occur with excessive calcium intake (typically above 2,000 mg/day from supplements), especially in combination with absorbable alkali. It is characterized by hypercalcaemia, metabolic alkalosis, and renal impairment. This syndrome has become less common with modern calcium carbonate formulations but remains a risk with chronic overdosing.
Contact your doctor immediately if you experience signs of an allergic reaction (difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat, severe skin rash), symptoms of hypercalcaemia (persistent nausea, vomiting, confusion, excessive thirst), or blood in your urine (which may indicate kidney stones). Stop taking Calcichew-D3 Melon and seek urgent medical advice.
How Should You Store Calcichew-D3 Melon?
Quick Answer: Store Calcichew-D3 Melon at room temperature below 30°C in the original container. Keep the container tightly closed to protect from moisture. Do not use after the expiry date.
Proper storage of Calcichew-D3 Melon is essential to maintain the potency and stability of both the calcium carbonate and vitamin D3 components. Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) is particularly sensitive to light, heat, and moisture, which can cause degradation over time.
- Temperature: Store below 30°C (86°F). Do not refrigerate or freeze. Avoid storing in areas subject to temperature extremes, such as near radiators, in direct sunlight, or in the car.
- Moisture protection: Keep the container tightly closed at all times when not in use. Calcium carbonate can absorb moisture from the air, which may affect tablet integrity and dissolution properties.
- Light protection: Store in the original container to protect the vitamin D3 from light degradation.
- Safety: Keep out of the sight and reach of children. The melon flavor and chewable format may make these tablets attractive to young children, who could accidentally ingest a harmful number of tablets.
- Expiry: Do not use Calcichew-D3 Melon after the expiry date printed on the container. The expiry date refers to the last day of that month.
- Disposal: Do not dispose of medicines via household waste or wastewater. Return unused or expired tablets to a pharmacy for proper disposal in accordance with local regulations.
What Does Calcichew-D3 Melon Contain?
Quick Answer: Each tablet contains two active ingredients: calcium carbonate (1,250 mg, providing 500 mg elemental calcium) and cholecalciferol concentrate (equivalent to 400 IU / 10 mcg vitamin D3). Excipients include sweeteners (xylitol, sucrose), melon flavoring, and various functional excipients.
Active Ingredients
- Calcium carbonate — 1,250 mg per tablet, providing 500 mg of elemental calcium. Calcium carbonate contains the highest percentage of elemental calcium (40%) of any calcium salt, making it an efficient delivery form. It is best absorbed when taken with food, as stomach acid aids dissolution.
- Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) — 10 micrograms (400 International Units) per tablet, provided as a cholecalciferol concentrate. Vitamin D3 is the form naturally produced by human skin and is more effective at raising and maintaining serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels compared to vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol).
Excipients (Inactive Ingredients)
The excipients in Calcichew-D3 Melon include:
- Xylitol — a sugar alcohol used as a sweetener; does not promote tooth decay and has a lower glycemic impact than sucrose.
- Povidone — a binding agent that helps maintain tablet integrity.
- Magnesium stearate — a lubricant used in tablet manufacturing.
- Fatty acid (mono and diglycerides) — emulsifiers that help distribute the vitamin D3 concentrate uniformly.
- Melon flavor — natural or nature-identical flavoring to give the tablet its characteristic melon taste.
- Sucrose — present in the cholecalciferol concentrate; the total sugar content per tablet is minimal.
- Modified starch — used as a stabilizer in the cholecalciferol concentrate.
- DL-alpha-tocopherol — vitamin E, used as an antioxidant to protect vitamin D3 from degradation.
- Medium-chain triglycerides — used as a carrier for the fat-soluble vitamin D3.
Calcichew-D3 Melon tablets contain sucrose. Patients with rare hereditary problems of fructose intolerance, glucose-galactose malabsorption, or sucrase-isomaltase insufficiency should not take this medicine. The tablets do not contain gluten, lactose, or common food allergens (nuts, soy, eggs, fish). However, patients with known hypersensitivity to any of the listed excipients should avoid this product.
Frequently Asked Questions About Calcichew-D3 Melon
Calcichew-D3 Melon is used to prevent and treat calcium and vitamin D deficiency, particularly in elderly patients at risk of osteoporosis. It is commonly prescribed as a supplement alongside osteoporosis medications (such as bisphosphonates) to ensure the body has adequate calcium and vitamin D for bone health. It provides 500 mg of elemental calcium and 400 IU of vitamin D3 per tablet in a convenient melon-flavored chewable format.
Calcichew-D3 Melon tablets should be chewed thoroughly — they should not be swallowed whole. Take them with food to enhance calcium absorption, as stomach acid produced during meals helps dissolve calcium carbonate. If you take two tablets daily, it is best to space them apart (for example, one with breakfast and one with dinner) rather than taking both at once, as the body absorbs calcium more efficiently in smaller doses.
Yes, but timing is important. Calcium supplements can interfere with the absorption of many medications, including antibiotics (tetracyclines, quinolones), thyroid hormones (levothyroxine), bisphosphonates (alendronate), and iron supplements. As a general rule, take other medications at least 2 hours before or after Calcichew-D3 Melon. For levothyroxine, a 4-hour separation is recommended. Always inform your doctor or pharmacist about all medications and supplements you are taking.
Calcichew-D3 Melon can be used during pregnancy and breastfeeding when supplementation is needed, but daily intake limits must be observed: maximum 1,500 mg calcium and 600 IU vitamin D3 per day during pregnancy. Excessive vitamin D can harm the developing baby. Both calcium and vitamin D pass into breast milk, which should be considered if the infant also receives supplements. Always consult your doctor before starting any supplement during pregnancy or breastfeeding.
The most common side effects are gastrointestinal: constipation, flatulence, nausea, abdominal discomfort, and diarrhea. These are usually mild and often improve with continued use. Increasing fluid and fiber intake can help manage constipation. Uncommon but important side effects include elevated blood calcium (hypercalcaemia) and elevated urinary calcium (hypercalciuria). If you experience persistent nausea, excessive thirst, frequent urination, or confusion, contact your doctor as these may indicate high calcium levels.
Recommended daily calcium intake varies by age: 1,000 mg for most adults, increasing to 1,200 mg for women over 50 and adults over 70. Vitamin D recommendations are 600 IU for adults up to age 70 and 800 IU for those over 70. One Calcichew-D3 Melon tablet provides 500 mg calcium and 400 IU vitamin D3. Most people on a varied diet get some calcium from food, so 1–2 tablets daily is typically sufficient to bridge the gap between dietary intake and recommended levels.
References
This article is based on the following peer-reviewed sources and international guidelines:
- Weaver CM, et al. “Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and risk of fractures: an updated meta-analysis from the National Osteoporosis Foundation.” Osteoporosis International. 2016;27(1):367–376. doi:10.1007/s00198-015-3386-5
- International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF). “Calcium and Vitamin D.” IOF Position Statement. 2024. Available at: osteoporosis.foundation
- European Medicines Agency (EMA). “Calcium carbonate / Cholecalciferol — Summary of Product Characteristics.” EMA Product Information. 2024.
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). “Osteoporosis: assessing the risk of fragility fracture.” NICE Clinical Guideline CG146. Updated 2023.
- Institute of Medicine (IOM). “Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D.” National Academies Press. 2011.
- Rizzoli R, et al. “Vitamin D supplementation in elderly or postmenopausal women: a 2013 update of the 2008 recommendations from the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO).” Current Medical Research and Opinion. 2013;29(4):305–313.
- World Health Organization (WHO). “WHO Model List of Essential Medicines — 23rd List, 2023.” Geneva: WHO; 2023.
- British National Formulary (BNF). “Calcium carbonate with colecalciferol.” BNF Online. 2024. Available at: bnf.nice.org.uk
- Bolland MJ, et al. “Calcium intake and risk of fracture: systematic review.” BMJ. 2015;351:h4580. doi:10.1136/bmj.h4580
- Holick MF. “Vitamin D Deficiency.” New England Journal of Medicine. 2007;357(3):266–281. doi:10.1056/NEJMra070553
Editorial Team
This article has been written and reviewed by iMedic's medical editorial team, comprising licensed physicians, pharmacists, and clinical pharmacologists with expertise in bone metabolism, endocrinology, and drug safety.
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