Bilaxten: Uses, Dosage & Side Effects
A second-generation, non-sedating antihistamine containing bilastine for the relief of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and urticaria symptoms in children and adults
Bilaxten (bilastine) is a modern, second-generation antihistamine prescribed for the symptomatic relief of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (hay fever) and urticaria (hives). The 10 mg orodispersible tablet formulation is specifically designed for children aged 6 to 11 years weighing at least 20 kg, dissolving on the tongue without the need for water. Bilastine is a potent and selective histamine H1 receptor antagonist that provides effective 24-hour symptom relief with minimal sedation, as it does not significantly cross the blood-brain barrier. Unlike many older antihistamines, bilastine has no clinically relevant anticholinergic or cardiac effects at therapeutic doses, making it a well-tolerated option for long-term allergy management.
Quick Facts: Bilaxten
Key Takeaways
- Bilaxten (bilastine) is a second-generation, non-sedating antihistamine that selectively blocks H1 histamine receptors to relieve allergy symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, itchy eyes, and hives, providing up to 24 hours of relief with once-daily dosing.
- The 10 mg orodispersible tablet is designed for children aged 6–11 years (weighing ≥20 kg) and dissolves on the tongue without water, while the 20 mg standard tablet is used by adolescents aged 12 years and older and adults.
- Bilaxten must always be taken on an empty stomach – at least one hour before or two hours after food – because food and fruit juices significantly reduce its absorption, potentially decreasing its effectiveness by approximately 30%.
- Unlike first-generation antihistamines, bilastine does not significantly cross the blood-brain barrier at recommended doses, which means it causes minimal sedation and does not impair psychomotor performance or driving ability in most patients.
- Bilastine is not extensively metabolized by the liver and does not interact with cytochrome P450 enzymes, but its plasma levels can be affected by P-glycoprotein and OATP transporter inhibitors such as ketoconazole, erythromycin, and cyclosporine.
What Is Bilaxten and What Is It Used For?
Bilaxten contains the active substance bilastine, a potent and highly selective second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist. Antihistamines are among the most widely prescribed classes of medication worldwide, used by hundreds of millions of people to control allergic conditions. Bilastine was developed to provide effective allergy relief while minimizing the sedation and cognitive impairment that characterized older, first-generation antihistamines such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl), chlorpheniramine, and promethazine.
Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, commonly known as hay fever, is one of the most prevalent chronic conditions globally, affecting an estimated 400 million people worldwide according to the World Health Organization. It is triggered when the immune system overreacts to airborne allergens such as pollen, dust mites, animal dander, or mold spores. Upon exposure, immune cells release histamine and other inflammatory mediators that cause the characteristic symptoms: sneezing, nasal congestion, watery and itchy rhinorrhea (runny nose), and ocular symptoms including itchy, red, and watery eyes. These symptoms can significantly impair quality of life, disrupt sleep, reduce concentration at school or work, and exacerbate co-existing conditions such as asthma.
Urticaria (hives) is another common allergic condition characterized by the sudden appearance of itchy, raised wheals (welts) on the skin, sometimes accompanied by deeper swelling known as angioedema. Acute urticaria affects approximately 15–25% of the population at some point during their lifetime. When urticaria persists for more than six weeks, it is classified as chronic urticaria, which can significantly impact daily activities and psychological well-being. Bilastine has been shown in clinical trials to effectively reduce the number and severity of wheals as well as the intensity of associated pruritus (itching).
The mechanism of action of bilastine involves competitive antagonism at peripheral histamine H1 receptors. When allergens trigger the release of histamine from mast cells and basophils in the nasal mucosa, conjunctiva, or skin, bilastine occupies the H1 receptors on target cells before histamine can bind, thereby preventing the cascade of inflammatory responses that produce allergy symptoms. Bilastine has very high affinity and selectivity for H1 receptors, with negligible affinity for muscarinic, serotonergic, alpha-adrenergic, or beta-adrenergic receptors, which accounts for its low incidence of anticholinergic side effects such as dry mouth and urinary retention.
A particularly important pharmacological property of bilastine is its minimal ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. First-generation antihistamines readily penetrate the central nervous system, where they block H1 receptors involved in wakefulness and cognitive function, leading to pronounced sedation, impaired psychomotor performance, and reduced driving ability. Multiple positron emission tomography (PET) studies have demonstrated that bilastine at the recommended therapeutic dose occupies less than 10% of cerebral H1 receptors, which is below the threshold associated with subjective sedation. This has been confirmed in driving simulation studies showing no significant impairment compared to placebo, even when combined with low doses of alcohol.
The Bilaxten 10 mg orodispersible tablet is specifically designed for pediatric use. It dissolves rapidly on the tongue without the need for water, making it easier for children to take. The tablet should be placed on the tongue, where it will disintegrate within seconds, and then swallowed with saliva. This formulation avoids the swallowing difficulties that some children experience with conventional tablets and does not require liquid for administration, which is especially convenient when water is not readily available. The orodispersible formulation has been shown to have equivalent bioavailability to the standard tablet when taken on an empty stomach.
What Should You Know Before Taking Bilaxten?
Contraindications
Understanding when Bilaxten should not be used is essential for safe and effective therapy. While bilastine is generally well tolerated, there are specific situations where its use is contraindicated.
- Hypersensitivity: Do not take Bilaxten if you have a known allergy to bilastine or to any of the excipients in the orodispersible tablet formulation, including mannitol (E421), crospovidone, povidone, magnesium stearate, or the flavoring agents.
- Severe renal impairment: Bilaxten should not be used in patients with severely impaired kidney function (creatinine clearance below 10 mL/min), as bilastine is partly excreted through the kidneys and drug exposure may increase to clinically significant levels in this population. Patients with moderate renal impairment should use bilastine with caution under medical supervision.
Warnings and Precautions
Before and during treatment with Bilaxten, discuss the following with your doctor or pharmacist:
- Empty stomach requirement: This is the most critical practical consideration for Bilaxten use. Bilastine must be taken at least one hour before or two hours after food or fruit juice (including grapefruit juice). Food reduces the oral bioavailability of bilastine by approximately 30%, which can result in subtherapeutic drug levels and reduced symptom control. This effect is mediated through interaction with intestinal uptake transporters, particularly organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 (OATP1A2).
- Kidney disease: If you have moderate kidney impairment (creatinine clearance between 10–60 mL/min), your doctor may need to monitor your treatment more closely. The elimination of bilastine is reduced in patients with renal impairment, leading to higher plasma concentrations. No dose adjustment is specifically recommended for moderate renal impairment according to current guidelines, but close monitoring is advisable.
- Concomitant P-glycoprotein inhibitors: Bilastine is a substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and OATP transporters. Co-administration with P-gp inhibitors such as ketoconazole, erythromycin, cyclosporine, ritonavir, or diltiazem can significantly increase bilastine plasma levels. Although this increase has not been associated with changes in the safety or tolerability profile in clinical studies, caution is recommended, particularly in patients with additional risk factors.
- Sedation potential: Although bilastine is classified as non-sedating at the recommended dose, individual sensitivity varies. Until you know how Bilaxten affects you, exercise caution with activities requiring full alertness, such as driving or operating machinery, particularly during the first days of treatment.
- Skin allergy testing: Antihistamines can suppress skin prick test reactions, potentially leading to false-negative results. You should stop taking Bilaxten at least 3 days before undergoing allergy skin testing.
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
There is limited clinical data on the use of bilastine during pregnancy. Animal reproductive studies did not reveal any direct harmful effects on fertility, embryonic development, or postnatal development. However, as a precautionary measure, Bilaxten should preferably be avoided during pregnancy unless the expected benefit to the mother clearly outweighs the potential risk to the fetus. If you discover that you are pregnant while taking Bilaxten, consult your doctor promptly.
It is not known whether bilastine or its metabolites are excreted in human breast milk. Studies in animals have shown that bilastine is excreted in milk. A decision must therefore be made whether to discontinue breastfeeding or to discontinue Bilaxten therapy, taking into account the benefit of breastfeeding for the child and the benefit of therapy for the mother. If you are breastfeeding, speak to your doctor before taking this medicine.
The most common reason for perceived treatment failure with bilastine is taking the medication with food or shortly before or after meals. Always take Bilaxten on an empty stomach – at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after eating. Grapefruit and grapefruit juice should be specifically avoided, as they inhibit the OATP1A2 transporter responsible for bilastine absorption.
How Does Bilaxten Interact with Other Drugs?
One of the clinical advantages of bilastine over several other antihistamines is its relatively low potential for pharmacokinetic drug interactions. Bilastine is not significantly metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes and does not inhibit or induce CYP isoforms in vitro at clinically relevant concentrations. This means that many of the CYP-mediated drug interactions that complicate the use of other antihistamines, such as those seen with terfenadine (withdrawn from market) or loratadine, are not clinically relevant with bilastine.
However, bilastine is a substrate of the efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and the uptake transporter organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 (OATP1A2). Drugs that inhibit these transporters can alter bilastine pharmacokinetics by increasing its systemic exposure. Understanding these interactions is important for optimizing treatment safety.
Major Interactions
| Interacting Drug | Mechanism | Clinical Significance |
|---|---|---|
| Ketoconazole (antifungal) | P-gp and OATP inhibitor; increases bilastine AUC by approximately 2-fold | Significant increase in bilastine exposure; use with caution and monitor for side effects |
| Erythromycin (macrolide antibiotic) | P-gp inhibitor; increases bilastine AUC by approximately 2-fold | Increased bilastine levels; monitor for adverse effects during co-administration |
| Cyclosporine (immunosuppressant) | Potent P-gp inhibitor; can significantly increase bilastine plasma concentrations | Avoid combination if possible; if unavoidable, close monitoring is required |
| Ritonavir (HIV protease inhibitor) | P-gp inhibitor; increases bilastine systemic exposure | Use with caution; potential for increased bilastine-related side effects |
| Grapefruit juice | OATP1A2 inhibitor; reduces bilastine oral absorption by approximately 30% | Avoid grapefruit juice; reduces bilastine effectiveness |
Minor Interactions
| Interacting Drug | Mechanism | Clinical Significance |
|---|---|---|
| Diltiazem (calcium channel blocker) | Moderate P-gp inhibitor; may increase bilastine levels by approximately 50% | Generally tolerated; monitor if symptoms of increased bilastine exposure occur |
| Rifampicin (antibiotic) | P-gp inducer; decreases bilastine plasma concentrations | May reduce Bilaxten effectiveness; consider alternative antihistamine or dose adjustment |
| Alcohol | No pharmacokinetic interaction; no potentiation of CNS depression at recommended dose | Bilastine 20 mg did not enhance alcohol-induced psychomotor impairment in clinical studies; however, general caution is recommended |
| Other antihistamines | Additive H1 receptor blockade | Avoid combining multiple oral antihistamines; increased risk of side effects without additional benefit |
Importantly, interaction studies with bilastine and lorazepam (a benzodiazepine) found no potentiation of the CNS-depressant effects of lorazepam, further supporting the non-sedating profile of bilastine. Additionally, bilastine does not prolong the QTc interval at therapeutic or supratherapeutic doses (up to 200 mg, ten times the standard adult dose of 20 mg), indicating no risk of cardiac arrhythmias, unlike some older antihistamines that were withdrawn from the market for this reason.
What Is the Correct Dosage of Bilaxten?
Adults and Adolescents (12 Years and Older)
The recommended dose of bilastine for adults and adolescents aged 12 years and older is 20 mg (one 20 mg tablet) taken orally once daily. The tablet should be swallowed whole with water on an empty stomach, at least one hour before or two hours after a meal or fruit juice. Treatment can be continued for as long as symptoms persist. For seasonal allergic rhinitis, treatment duration typically corresponds to the pollen season, while chronic urticaria may require longer-term therapy as directed by the prescribing physician.
Adults & Adolescents (≥12 years)
Dose: 20 mg once daily
Form: Film-coated tablet
Administration: Orally with water, on an empty stomach
Duration: As directed by physician; typically throughout symptom period
Children (6–11 Years, ≥20 kg)
For children aged 6 to 11 years who weigh at least 20 kg, the recommended dose is one Bilaxten 10 mg orodispersible tablet taken once daily. The tablet should be placed directly on the tongue, where it will disintegrate within seconds and can then be swallowed with saliva. No water is needed, although the child may drink water if desired. As with the adult formulation, the orodispersible tablet must be taken on an empty stomach – at least one hour before or two hours after food or fruit juice.
Children (6–11 years, ≥20 kg)
Dose: 10 mg once daily
Form: Orodispersible tablet (dissolves on tongue)
Administration: Place on tongue; swallow with saliva; no water needed
Duration: As directed by physician
Elderly Patients
No dose adjustment is required for elderly patients. Clinical studies included patients up to 77 years of age, and bilastine was well tolerated with a similar safety profile to that observed in younger adults. However, as elderly patients may have reduced renal function, bilastine should be used with appropriate caution in this population, and kidney function should be assessed if there is any concern regarding renal impairment.
Elderly Patients
Dose: 20 mg once daily (no adjustment required)
Note: Monitor renal function; use with caution in patients with moderate renal impairment
Missed Dose
If you forget to take your daily dose of Bilaxten, take it as soon as you remember, provided that the next scheduled dose is not due within a few hours. Do not take a double dose to compensate for a missed one. If it is nearly time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Missing occasional doses is unlikely to cause significant problems, but consistent daily dosing provides the best symptom control. If you frequently forget doses, consider setting a daily reminder or associating the medication with a regular daily activity (such as brushing your teeth in the morning).
Overdose
In clinical studies, bilastine has been administered at doses up to 220 mg (11 times the standard adult dose of 20 mg) without significant adverse effects or QTc prolongation. In the event of accidental overdose, symptoms are likely to be related to the known pharmacological effects of antihistamines and may include drowsiness, headache, or dizziness. Treatment of overdose is symptomatic and supportive. There is no specific antidote for bilastine. Given its pharmacokinetic profile, bilastine is unlikely to be effectively removed by hemodialysis. If you suspect an overdose, contact your doctor or local poison control center immediately.
| Patient Group | Recommended Dose | Formulation | Special Considerations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adults & Adolescents (≥12 years) | 20 mg once daily | Film-coated tablet | Take on empty stomach; avoid grapefruit juice |
| Children (6–11 years, ≥20 kg) | 10 mg once daily | Orodispersible tablet | Dissolves on tongue; no water needed; empty stomach |
| Elderly (≥65 years) | 20 mg once daily | Film-coated tablet | No dose adjustment; monitor renal function |
| Moderate renal impairment | 20 mg once daily (with caution) | Film-coated tablet | Close monitoring; avoid P-gp inhibitors if possible |
| Severe renal impairment | Contraindicated | N/A | Do not use; consider alternative antihistamine |
| Children <6 years | Not recommended | N/A | Safety and efficacy not established |
What Are the Side Effects of Bilaxten?
Like all medicines, bilastine can cause side effects, although not everyone experiences them. The overall safety profile of bilastine is favorable, with adverse events in clinical trials occurring at rates similar to placebo. In a comprehensive safety analysis of over 4,800 patients across multiple randomized controlled trials, the incidence of adverse events with bilastine 20 mg was comparable to placebo and significantly lower than with first-generation antihistamines such as cetirizine in terms of sedation.
In the pediatric population (children aged 6–11 years using the 10 mg orodispersible formulation), the safety profile was similar to that in adults, with headache being the most commonly reported side effect. Clinical studies in children confirmed that bilastine 10 mg was well tolerated with a low incidence of adverse events.
The following side effects have been reported in clinical trials and post-marketing surveillance. They are categorized by frequency according to the standard medical convention used by regulatory authorities:
Common
Affects up to 1 in 10 people (1/10–1/100)
- Headache
- Drowsiness (somnolence)
Uncommon
Affects up to 1 in 100 people (1/100–1/1,000)
- Dizziness
- Fatigue
- Abdominal pain (stomach pain)
- Nausea
- Dry mouth
- Upper abdominal pain
- Increased appetite
- Abnormal liver function tests (elevated transaminases)
- Weight increase
- Oral herpes (cold sores)
- Tinnitus (ringing in the ears)
- Vertigo
- Palpitations
- Anxiety
- Insomnia
- Nasal dryness
- Pharyngolaryngeal pain (sore throat)
- Malaise (general feeling of being unwell)
- Pruritus (itching, unrelated to treated condition)
Rare
Affects up to 1 in 1,000 people (1/1,000–1/10,000)
- Tachycardia (rapid heartbeat)
- Dyspnea (shortness of breath)
- Skin rash
- Urticaria (hives, paradoxical reaction)
It is important to note that the rate of somnolence (drowsiness) reported with bilastine 20 mg in large-scale clinical trials was not significantly different from placebo (approximately 1.8% versus 1.5%), underscoring its truly non-sedating profile. This is a notable advantage over other second-generation antihistamines such as cetirizine, which has a measurably higher sedation rate.
Post-marketing surveillance since bilastine became commercially available has not identified any significant new safety signals beyond those documented in clinical trials. No clinically meaningful QTc prolongation has been observed even at doses up to ten times the recommended therapeutic dose, confirming an excellent cardiac safety profile.
Although extremely rare, seek immediate medical attention if you experience signs of a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) to bilastine itself, including: difficulty breathing or swallowing, swelling of the face, lips, tongue or throat, severe skin rash with blistering, rapid heartbeat combined with dizziness or fainting. These symptoms require urgent medical care.
How Should You Store Bilaxten?
Proper storage of medications is essential to maintain their efficacy and safety throughout their shelf life. Bilaxten orodispersible tablets should be stored in a dry place at a temperature not exceeding 30°C (86°F). The tablets should be kept in their original blister packaging until immediately before use, as the orodispersible formulation is sensitive to moisture. Exposure to humidity can cause the tablet to disintegrate prematurely within the packaging, potentially affecting the dose and quality of the product.
Do not remove the tablet from the blister pack until you are ready to take it. When removing the tablet, peel back the aluminum foil carefully rather than pushing the tablet through the foil, as excessive pressure may break the fragile orodispersible tablet. Handle the tablet with dry hands to prevent premature disintegration.
Keep Bilaxten out of the reach and sight of children. Store the medication in a location where children cannot access it, such as a locked cabinet or high shelf. Do not use Bilaxten after the expiry date stated on the carton and blister pack. The expiry date refers to the last day of that month. If you notice any change in the appearance of the tablets (discoloration, excessive crumbling, or unusual odor), do not use them and consult your pharmacist.
Do not dispose of unused or expired Bilaxten tablets in household waste or wastewater. Return any unused medication to your pharmacy for proper disposal in accordance with local environmental regulations. Proper pharmaceutical waste disposal helps prevent contamination of water sources and the environment.
What Does Bilaxten Contain?
Understanding the full composition of a medication is important, particularly for patients with known allergies or intolerances to specific excipients. Each Bilaxten 10 mg orodispersible tablet contains the following:
Active Ingredient
Each orodispersible tablet contains 10 mg of bilastine as the active substance. Bilastine is the International Nonproprietary Name (INN) for this second-generation antihistamine. Its chemical name is 2-[4-(2-(4-(1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-1-piperidinyl)ethyl)phenyl]-2-methylpropionic acid. The molecular formula is C28H37N3O3, with a molecular weight of 463.6 g/mol.
Excipients (Inactive Ingredients)
- Mannitol (E421): A sugar alcohol used as a sweetening agent and bulking agent in the orodispersible formulation, providing a pleasant taste upon disintegration on the tongue.
- Crospovidone: A superdisintegrant that enables the tablet to disintegrate rapidly when placed on the tongue, ensuring quick dispersion of the active ingredient.
- Povidone: A binding agent that holds the tablet together during manufacturing and storage while still allowing rapid disintegration when exposed to moisture on the tongue.
- Magnesium stearate: A lubricant used during the tablet manufacturing process to prevent the powder from sticking to manufacturing equipment.
- Flavoring agents: Added to improve palatability, particularly important in a pediatric formulation designed to dissolve in the mouth.
The Bilaxten 10 mg orodispersible tablet is white to off-white in color, round, and flat. It is packaged in aluminum blister packs designed to protect the moisture-sensitive orodispersible formulation. Blister packs are available in various pack sizes depending on the country of distribution, commonly in packs of 10, 20, or 30 tablets. Not all pack sizes may be marketed in every country.
Bilaxten is manufactured and marketed by FAES Farma, S.A., a pharmaceutical company headquartered in Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain. The marketing authorization holder may vary by country. Bilastine was first approved in the European Union in 2010 and has since been authorized in numerous countries worldwide.
Frequently Asked Questions About Bilaxten
Bilaxten (bilastine) is a second-generation antihistamine used to relieve symptoms of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (hay fever) such as sneezing, runny nose, itchy and watery eyes, and nasal congestion. It is also used to treat urticaria (hives), reducing itchy skin rashes. The 10 mg orodispersible tablet formulation is designed for children aged 6 to 11 years weighing at least 20 kg, while adult formulations are available as 20 mg tablets. Bilaxten works by blocking the action of histamine at H1 receptors, preventing the cascade of allergic symptoms triggered by allergen exposure.
Bilaxten (bilastine) is classified as a non-sedating antihistamine. Clinical studies have demonstrated that bilastine at recommended doses does not significantly impair psychomotor performance or cause drowsiness compared to placebo. PET studies show that bilastine occupies less than 10% of brain H1 receptors at the therapeutic dose, well below the threshold associated with sedation. However, some individuals may still experience mild drowsiness, particularly when first starting treatment. If affected, exercise caution with activities requiring full alertness such as driving.
Bilaxten must be taken at least one hour before or two hours after eating because food significantly reduces its absorption. Studies show that taking bilastine with food decreases its bioavailability by approximately 30%, which can reduce its therapeutic effectiveness. This is because food components interact with the OATP1A2 transporter in the intestine, which is responsible for bilastine absorption. Similarly, fruit juices, particularly grapefruit juice, can interfere with this transporter. For the best results, always take Bilaxten with water on an empty stomach.
Bilaxten typically begins to relieve allergy symptoms within one hour of taking the tablet. Peak plasma concentrations are reached approximately 1 to 1.5 hours after oral administration. The antihistaminic effect lasts for at least 24 hours, which is why once-daily dosing is sufficient. For seasonal allergies, Bilaxten can be taken continuously throughout the allergy season, and for chronic urticaria, it may be prescribed for longer-term use as directed by your doctor. Consistent daily dosing on an empty stomach provides the most reliable symptom control.
The Bilaxten 10 mg orodispersible tablet is specifically designed for children aged 6 to 11 years who weigh at least 20 kg. It dissolves on the tongue without the need for water, making it easier for children to take. The safety profile in children is similar to that in adults, with headache being the most commonly reported side effect in clinical trials. Bilaxten should not be given to children under 6 years of age, as safety and efficacy have not been established in this younger age group. Always follow your doctor's instructions regarding dosing for children.
There is limited clinical data on bilastine use during pregnancy. Animal studies have not shown harmful effects on the fetus, but as a precaution, Bilaxten should be avoided during pregnancy unless the prescribing physician considers it necessary. If you are breastfeeding, it is not known whether bilastine passes into human breast milk (it has been detected in animal milk), so a decision should be made between stopping breastfeeding and stopping Bilaxten therapy. Always consult your doctor or midwife before taking any medication during pregnancy or while breastfeeding.
References
- European Medicines Agency (EMA). Bilaxten Summary of Product Characteristics. Updated 2024. Available from: www.ema.europa.eu
- Bachert C, et al. Bilastine in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and urticaria. Clinical and Experimental Allergy. 2014;44(2):152–169. doi:10.1111/cea.12247
- Church MK, Maurer M, Simons FER, et al. Risk of first-generation H1-antihistamines: a GA2LEN position paper. Allergy. 2010;65(4):459–466. doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02325.x
- Zuberbier T, Abdul Latiff AH, Abuzakouk M, et al. The international EAACI/GA2LEN/EuroGuiDerm/APAAACI guideline for the definition, classification, diagnosis, and management of urticaria. Allergy. 2022;77(3):734–766. doi:10.1111/all.15090
- Bousquet J, Anto JM, Bachert C, et al. ARIA 2016: Care pathways implementing emerging technologies for predictive medicine in rhinitis and asthma across the life cycle. Clinical and Translational Allergy. 2016;6(1):47. doi:10.1186/s13601-016-0137-4
- Jauregui I, et al. Bilastine and quality of life in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and urticaria patients: results from clinical trials. Current Medical Research and Opinion. 2016;32(5):873–882.
- Kawauchi H, Yanai K, Wang DY, et al. Antihistamines for allergic rhinitis treatment from the viewpoint of nonsedative properties. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019;20(1):213. doi:10.3390/ijms20010213
- World Health Organization (WHO). WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. 23rd List, 2023. Geneva: WHO; 2023.
- British National Formulary (BNF). Bilastine: drug information. Available from: bnf.nice.org.uk
- Lasseter KC, et al. Pharmacokinetics of bilastine in subjects with various degrees of renal insufficiency. Clinical Drug Investigation. 2013;33(3):197–205. doi:10.1007/s40261-013-0059-2
Medical Editorial Team
Medical Content
Written by iMedic Medical Editorial Team – Specialists in Allergy, Immunology and Clinical Pharmacology
Medical Review
Reviewed by iMedic Medical Review Board according to international guidelines (ARIA, EAACI, EMA, WHO)
Evidence Standard
Level 1A – Based on systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials and international clinical guidelines (GRADE framework)
Independence
No pharmaceutical company funding or sponsorship. All content is editorially independent and free from commercial influence.
Last reviewed: | Next review due: | Meet our medical team