Musculoskeletal Conditions
Information about arthritis, back pain, osteoporosis, joint problems, and bone health.
Articles
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Achilles Tendinitis: Symptoms, Treatment & Recovery
Achilles tendinitis causes heel pain and stiffness above the heel. Learn about symptoms, causes, self-care, physical therapy treatment, and when to see a...
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Arm and Hand Pain: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
Comprehensive guide to arm and hand pain including carpal tunnel syndrome, trigger finger, De Quervain's, and ganglion cysts. Evidence-based symptoms,...
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Axial Spondyloarthritis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
Axial spondyloarthritis causes chronic back pain and stiffness. Learn about symptoms, diagnosis including ankylosing spondylitis, and treatment options....
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Back and Neck Pain: Causes, Treatment & Relief
Complete guide to back and neck pain - causes, symptoms, treatment options and when to seek care. Evidence-based information on herniated discs, muscle...
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Back Pain in Children: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
Back pain in children and teenagers - causes, symptoms, when to see a doctor, and treatment options. Learn about growth-related back problems, scoliosis,...
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Back Pain: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment Options
Complete guide to back pain - causes, symptoms, when to see a doctor, and effective treatments. Learn about lower back pain, sciatica, and prevention...
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Baker's Cyst: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment of Knee Swelling
Baker's cyst (popliteal cyst) causes swelling behind the knee. Learn about symptoms, causes like arthritis and meniscus tears, treatment options, and when...
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Bone Infection in Children (Osteomyelitis): Symptoms & Treatment
Pediatric osteomyelitis - bone infection symptoms, causes, diagnosis and treatment in children. Learn about antibiotics, surgery options and recovery....
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Brachial Plexus Birth Injury: Symptoms, Treatment & Recovery
Brachial plexus injury in newborns - causes, symptoms, treatment and prognosis. Learn about nerve damage during delivery, physical therapy, and surgical...
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Bunion (Hallux Valgus): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
Bunion (hallux valgus) causes the big toe to angle toward other toes, forming a bony bump. Learn about symptoms, home remedies, orthotics, and when surgery...
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Bursitis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment Options
Bursitis causes joint pain and swelling from inflamed bursae. Learn about symptoms, causes, home remedies, and when to see a doctor. Evidence-based guide...
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Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
Carpal tunnel syndrome causes numbness, tingling, and weakness in your hand. Learn about symptoms, diagnosis, wrist splints, corticosteroid injections, and...
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Cavus Foot: High Arch Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
Cavus foot (high arched foot) causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment options. Learn about pes cavus, when to see a doctor, orthotics, exercises and...
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Clubfoot (PEVA): Causes, Treatment & Ponseti Method
Clubfoot (PEVA/talipes equinovarus) - comprehensive guide to causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and Ponseti method treatment. Evidence-based information from...
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Compartment Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes & Emergency Treatment
Compartment syndrome causes severe pain when muscles swell within tight fascial compartments. Learn about acute vs chronic types, warning signs, surgical...
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De Quervain's Tenosynovitis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
De Quervain's tenosynovitis causes thumb and wrist pain. Learn about symptoms, diagnosis, splinting, cortisone injections, and surgery options....
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Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS): Symptoms, Causes & Relief
DOMS (delayed onset muscle soreness) causes muscle pain 24-72 hours after exercise. Learn about causes, symptoms, treatment options, and prevention...
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Dupuytren's Contracture: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
Dupuytren's contracture causes fingers to bend toward the palm and become difficult to straighten. Learn about symptoms, causes, needle fasciotomy, surgery...
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Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: Symptoms, Types & Treatment
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) causes hypermobile joints and stretchy skin. Learn about the 13 types, symptoms, diagnosis and management options....
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Fibromyalgia: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment Options
Fibromyalgia causes chronic widespread pain and fatigue. Learn about symptoms, diagnosis, treatments including exercise, medications and cognitive therapy....
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Flat Feet: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment Options
Flat feet (pes planus) – comprehensive guide to symptoms, causes, exercises, and treatment. Learn when to seek care and how orthotics can help....
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Frozen Shoulder: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
Frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis) causes severe pain and stiffness. Learn about the three stages, symptoms, physical therapy, and recovery timeline....
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Ganglion Cyst: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment Options
Ganglion cyst on wrist or hand - causes, symptoms, and treatment options including aspiration and surgery. Evidence-based guide from specialist physicians...
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Gout: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment Guide
Gout is a painful joint inflammation caused by uric acid crystals. Learn about gout symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment options, and prevention...
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Growing Pains in Children: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
Growing pains cause leg pain at night in children ages 3-12. Learn symptoms, causes, home remedies, when to see a doctor, and effective treatments....
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Hallux Rigidus: Stiff Big Toe Symptoms & Treatment
Hallux rigidus causes a stiff, painful big toe joint due to arthritis. Learn about symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options including surgery. Evidence-based...
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Hammertoe: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment Options
Hammertoe is a toe deformity causing bent, curved toes that rub against shoes. Learn about symptoms, causes, home remedies, and when surgery is needed....
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Hand and Finger Osteoarthritis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
Hand and finger osteoarthritis causes joint pain, stiffness, and swelling in fingers and thumb. Learn about symptoms, treatment options including exercises,...
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Heel Pain: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment Options
Heel pain causes, symptoms, and effective treatments. Learn about Achilles tendon problems, bursitis, Haglund's deformity, and when to see a doctor....
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Heel Spur: Plantar Fasciitis Symptoms & Treatment
Heel spur and plantar fasciitis - causes, symptoms, and effective treatments. Learn about heel pain relief, exercises, and when to see a doctor....
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Herniated Disc: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment Options
Herniated disc (slipped disc) causes back pain, leg pain and sciatica. Learn about symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options including physical therapy and...
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Hip Dysplasia in Newborns: Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in newborns - causes, screening, diagnosis and treatment with Pavlik harness. Evidence-based guide from pediatric...
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Hip Osteoarthritis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment Options
Hip osteoarthritis causes groin pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. Learn about symptoms, diagnosis, exercise therapy, medications, and hip replacement...
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Hip Pain: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment Options
Hip pain causes, symptoms and treatment explained. Learn about hip osteoarthritis, bursitis, hip dysplasia and when to seek care. Evidence-based guide from...
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Intoeing and Out-Toeing: Causes, Treatment & When to Worry
Intoeing (pigeon-toed) and out-toeing in children - causes, when to see a doctor, and treatment options. Learn about hip rotation, metatarsus adductus, and...
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Joint Pain: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment Options
Joint pain causes, symptoms and treatment options. Learn about arthritis, osteoarthritis, gout, and rheumatoid arthritis. Evidence-based guide from...
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Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA): Symptoms, Types & Treatment
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) in children - symptoms, diagnosis, different types and treatment options. Complete guide to childhood arthritis with...
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Knee Osteoarthritis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
Knee osteoarthritis symptoms, causes and treatment options. Learn about exercise therapy, pain management, knee replacement surgery. Evidence-based guide...
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Knee Pain in Children: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
Knee pain in children and teenagers – causes, symptoms, and when to see a doctor. Learn about Osgood-Schlatter disease, anterior knee pain, and growing...
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Leg and Foot Pain: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
Complete guide to leg and foot pain conditions including plantar fasciitis, shin splints, Achilles tendinitis, bunions, and flat feet. Evidence-based...
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Leg and Foot Pain: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
Complete guide to leg and foot pain - causes, symptoms, when to seek care and treatment options. Learn about common conditions affecting legs and feet...
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Leg Length Discrepancy in Children: Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment
Leg length discrepancy in children - understand causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment options including epiphysiodesis and limb lengthening surgery....
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Limb Deficiency: Congenital Limb Differences & Treatment
Congenital limb deficiency (dysmelia) - causes, types, prosthetics and treatment options. Learn about limb differences present from birth. Evidence-based...
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Lupus (SLE): Symptoms, Causes & Treatment Guide
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. Learn about lupus flares, butterfly rash, fatigue and modern immunotherapy....
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Mallet Finger: Symptoms, Treatment & Recovery
Mallet finger (droopy fingertip) causes inability to straighten the finger tip. Learn about symptoms, splint treatment, recovery time and when to seek care....
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Morton's Neuroma: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
Morton's neuroma causes sharp, burning pain in the ball of your foot. Learn about symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options including orthotics, injections and...
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Muscle Cramps: Causes, Treatment & Prevention
Muscle cramps and leg cramps - causes, symptoms, treatment and prevention. Learn why muscle spasms occur and how to relieve them quickly. Evidence-based...
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Muscle Pain Disorders: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
Complete guide to muscle pain disorders including fibromyalgia, muscle cramps, tennis elbow, and polymyalgia rheumatica. Learn about causes, symptoms,...
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Musculoskeletal Disorders: Bone, Joint & Muscle Conditions
Complete guide to musculoskeletal disorders affecting bones, joints, and muscles. Learn about symptoms, causes, treatment options, and when to seek medical...
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Musculoskeletal Infections: Bone, Joint & Muscle Infections
Musculoskeletal infections including osteomyelitis (bone infection), septic arthritis (joint infection), and myositis. Learn symptoms, causes, diagnosis,...
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Neck and Shoulder Pain: Causes, Treatment & Relief
Neck and shoulder pain affects millions worldwide. Learn about causes, symptoms, when to seek care, and effective treatments including exercises,...
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Osgood-Schlatter Disease: Symptoms, Treatment & Recovery
Osgood-Schlatter disease causes knee pain in growing children and teens. Learn about symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, and recovery time....
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Osteoarthritis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment Guide
Osteoarthritis (OA) - comprehensive guide to symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment options. Learn about joint pain management, exercise therapy, and...
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Osteoporosis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment Guide
Complete guide to osteoporosis (brittle bones) - symptoms, risk factors, diagnosis with bone density testing, and treatment options. Evidence-based...
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Polymyalgia Rheumatica: Symptoms, Treatment & Causes
Polymyalgia rheumatica causes muscle pain and stiffness in shoulders, hips and thighs. Learn about symptoms, corticosteroid treatment, diagnosis and...
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Psoriatic Arthritis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
Psoriatic arthritis causes joint pain, swelling and stiffness in people with psoriasis. Learn about symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options including DMARDs...
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Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS): Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
Restless Legs Syndrome (Willis-Ekbom Disease) causes uncomfortable leg sensations and urge to move. Learn about symptoms, causes, diagnosis and effective...
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Rheumatoid Arthritis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
Complete guide to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) - symptoms, causes, diagnosis and treatment options. Learn about joint inflammation, DMARDs, biologics and...
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Runner's Knee: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment Guide
Runner's knee (IT band syndrome) causes sharp pain on the outer knee during running. Learn symptoms, treatment, stretches, and recovery time. Evidence-based...
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Scoliosis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment Options
Scoliosis is a sideways curvature of the spine. Learn about symptoms, types, diagnosis, bracing, physical therapy and surgery options. Evidence-based guide...
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Shin Splints: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
Shin splints (medial tibial stress syndrome) - symptoms, causes, treatment and prevention. Learn how to recover from shin pain and return to activity...
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Spinal Stenosis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment Options
Spinal stenosis causes leg pain, numbness and walking difficulties when nerves are compressed in the spine. Learn about symptoms, diagnosis, exercises and...
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Stiff Neck: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
Stiff neck (acute torticollis) causes sudden muscle spasm and pain. Learn about symptoms, home remedies, when to see a doctor, and prevention....
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Syndactyly: Webbed Fingers and Toes Causes & Treatment
Syndactyly (webbed fingers and toes) - learn about causes, types, surgical treatment, and outcomes. Complete guide on this congenital condition affecting 1...
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Tennis Elbow: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
Tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis) causes outer elbow pain. Learn about symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment options and exercises. Evidence-based guide...
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Thumb Arthritis: Symptoms, Treatment & Pain Relief
Thumb basal joint arthritis (CMC arthritis) causes pain at the base of the thumb. Learn about symptoms, exercises, splints, and treatment options....
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Tick-Borne Encephalitis (TBE): Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) symptoms, causes, treatment and vaccination. Learn about this viral brain infection transmitted by tick bites. Evidence-based...
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Toe Walking in Children: Causes, Treatment & When to Worry
Toe walking in children explained: causes, when to seek help, and treatment options. Learn about idiopathic toe walking, tight Achilles tendons, and...
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Trigger Finger: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
Trigger finger (stenosing tenosynovitis) causes finger locking and clicking. Learn about symptoms, causes, cortisone injections, splinting, and surgery...
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Vertebral Compression Fracture: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
Vertebral compression fracture causes sudden back pain, often from osteoporosis. Learn about symptoms, diagnosis with X-ray and bone density testing,...
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Whiplash Injury: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
Whiplash injury symptoms, causes and treatment options. Learn about neck pain after car accidents, recovery time, and when to seek medical care....